Child sexual abuse material in child-centred institutions: situational crime prevention approaches

ABSTRACT

This paper focuses on the potential for child-centred institutions to use situational crime prevention (SCP) strategies to prevent or reduce child sexual abuse material (CSAM) offending as a distinct form of child sexual abuse (CSA). We discuss the failure of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse in Australia to address the potential for CSAM offending to occur in child-centred institutions. Our premise is that CSAM offending is markedly shaped by the situation in which it occurs, rather than by any pre-existing preparedness to offend sexually against children. In this context, SCP for CSAM offending must be considered as part of overall strategies to combat CSA in institutional settings. However, we acknowledge that effective implementation of SCP in this area is not straightforward. We consider some of the challenges in implementing SCP at an institutional level.     

Nondestructive Biological Evidence Collection with Alternative Swabs and Adhesive Lifters

In forensic science, biological material is typically collected from evidence via wet/dry double swabbing with cotton swabs, which is effective but can visibly damage an item's surface. When an item's appearance must be maintained, dry swabbing and tape‐lifting may be employed as collection techniques that are visually nondestructive to substrates' surfaces. This study examined the efficacy of alternative swab matrices and adhesive lifters when collecting blood and fingerprints from glass, painted drywall, 100% cotton, and copy paper. Data were evaluated by determining the percent profile and quality score for each STR profile generated. Hydraflock^® swabs, BVDA Gellifters^®, and Scenesafe FAST? tape performed as well as or better than cotton swabs when collecting fingerprints from painted drywall and 100% cotton. Collection success was also dependent on the type of biological material sampled and the substrate on which it was deposited. These results demonstrated that alternative swabs and adhesive lifters can be effective for nondestructive DNA collection from various substrates.     

改革开放以来中国体育集邮事业发展研究

改革开放以来,中国体育集邮开始与国际奥林匹克体育集邮接轨,无论是在普及知识方面,还是在提高展览水平方面都取得了很大的成绩。在此,从社会学角度分析中国体育集邮所取得的成绩,并对未来进一步发展中国体育集邮事业提出建议与意见,其目的是为体育行政有关部门提供参考。     

A Distant Hand Fell from His Shoulder

This essay is concerned to trace a materialist current within the work of Peter Goodrich, with the aim of evaluating it in the light of the work of Deleuze and Guattari. The are two reasons for this: firstly, it serves to encourage the development of Deleuzean perspectives within critical legal studies, and secondly, it presents the potential of a re-invigoration of a branch of criticism based not only upon the problems raised by issues of meaning and representation, but one which is also sensitive to the conditions of the relations of production of both meaning and desire. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

关于宁夏在区域经济格局中的定位问题

宁夏位于西部经济大区域和黄河经济协作区的交集之中,在这两大经济板块中找到自己的位置十分重要。宁夏应该依托经济发展焕发出来的优势,即流通业内在发展动力强的产业特点,通过大力发展物流业这一新兴产业带动流通业发展,以求二、三产业相互促进,走出自己特色的经济发展之路。     

贵州“智力扶贫”实证分析

＂智力扶贫＂是贵州新世纪扶贫独创的＂六大模式＂之一。实地调研表明,贵州智力扶贫存在地方政府的重视程度和支持力度不够、贫困人口的参与度不够、内容狭窄等问题,论文据此提出了相应的政策建议。     

The Effectiveness of Trace DNA Profiling—A Comparison Between a U.S. and a U.K. Law Enforcement Jurisdiction

Recovery, profiling, and speculative searching of trace DNA (not attributable to a body fluid/cell type) over a twelve‐month period in a U.S. Crime Laboratory and U.K. police force are compared. Results show greater numbers of U.S. firearm‐related items submitted for analysis compared with the U.K., where greatest numbers were submitted from burglary or vehicle offenses. U.S. multiple recovery techniques (double swabbing) occurred mainly during laboratory examination, whereas the majority of U.K. multiple recovery techniques occurred at the scene. No statistical difference was observed for useful profiles from single or multiple recovery. Database loading of interpretable profiles was most successful for U.K. items related to burglary or vehicle offenses. Database associations (matches) represented 7.0% of all U.S. items and 13.1% of all U.K. items. The U.K. strategy for burglary and vehicle examination demonstrated that careful selection of both items and sampling techniques is crucial to obtaining the observed results.     

基于重组质粒制备STR分型阳性参照物

目的基于重组质粒制备可用于校准法医STR分型的阳性参照物。方法以常用阳性参照物9948人类基因组DNA STR分型为依据,基于重组质粒构建包含CSF1PO、D7S820、TH01等40个常染色体位点,DYS391、DYS522、DYS385a/b等22个Y染色体位点以及性别判定基因座Amelogenin的STR分型阳性参照物。将重组质粒定量、稀释后等比例混合,分别应用于DNATyper~?19、DNATyper~?24、DNATyper~?Y、Amp F?STR~?Identifiler~?Plus以及Power Plex~?18D System五种扩增试剂盒。结果阳性参照物中各重组质粒浓度为0.01pg/μL~0.001pg/μL;应用于Amp F?STR~?Identifiler~?Plus PCR扩增试剂盒,基于重组质粒制备的阳性参照物与人类基因组DNA扩增检测结果差异较小;将此阳性参照物分别应用于不同公司、不同STR基因座的四种STR扩增试剂盒,电泳检测图谱显示各基因座基因型完整,分型正确,峰高相当,基因座间均衡性良好。结论基于重组质粒制备STR分型阳性参照物,是一种可以替代细胞系制备阳性参照物的方法,具有一定的参考价值。基于此方法制备的阳性参照物可适用于市面上常用的STR检验试剂盒,普适性较强,对法医DNA分型检测有一定的实用价值。     

语文教学改革新思路

教材、课堂和教师是语文教学改革三个重点。要实现语文教学的改革,关键是理念的更新。     

当代壁画设计的艺术特征

壁画的最终实现,是以占有一定墙面空间为基本前提的,由此文中谈到了壁画与建筑的环境性的关系,然后逐一深入展开,对它的材料工艺和构造的装饰性做了理论上的阐述。