“健全社区矫正制度”的必要性及相关问题分析

从2003年上海首先开始社区矫正试点至今天,社区矫正对于中国刑事法律制度作出了重大贡献。十八届三中全会《决定》要求健全社区矫正制度,这是决策层在充分考虑社会发展现状基础上对社区矫正制度的发展提出的新要求。健全社区矫正制度,有其深层次的制度优越性考虑,既充分认识到了创新社会治理模式转变的要求,也正视了社区矫正发展过程中存在的不足与缺陷。总的来说,健全社区矫正制度,有其必要性和重要意义。     

行政“圈层”社会：新兴社会组织的三种类型及其比较

转型期情境下,由于成立背景、角色功能、结构规模、职业形态、运作机制、资源依附度等的不同,在基层社会治理领域产生了三种新兴社会组织类型：枢纽型社会组织、专业性社会组织和社区社会组织。这三类社会组织分布于“行政性”和“社会性”的两端,呈现出一种渐进赋权、双向汲取、互惠共生、此消彼长的连续统,形成了一种介于行政“吸纳”和“借道”之间的,类似于“圈层”而又边界模糊的开放性政社关系图谱。这一关系图谱的实质在于,国家借助更为弹性、迂回、柔和的社会控制手段,构筑了一个行政与社会之间需求满足和利益表达的“缓冲带”与“减压阀”。     

20世纪80年代以来老挝、柬埔寨华人社会发展探析

华人在老挝、柬埔寨两国均有着较为悠久的移民历史,早在数百年前就有华人进入老挝与柬埔寨定居并繁衍生息下来。华人迁入老柬两国,在其漫长的发展历程中,充满了艰辛与苦难。尤其进入近现代,老柬华人几遭灭顶之灾,其境遇令人同情。伴随着中国与东南亚国家关系的逐步改善,现在又处于历史上关系最为良好阶段,老柬华人的权益日益得到保障,地位得到改善,在两国经济与社会发展中日益彰显重要的作用。     

Protest in South Africa: motives and meanings

South Africa is experiencing record levels of protest. Interpretations of protest fall into two groups. First, there is the argument that protests represent only limited rebellion and that though unruly, they are a mechanism for political re-engagement. A second understanding links “new social movements” that address general grievances to wider hegemonic challenges. This article addresses the issue of whether these upsurges in militant mobilization threaten or complement democratic procedures. The article draws from a study of two protest “hotspots” in Durban.     

How projects rise and fall: the lifecycle of a dietary modernisation scheme

How do projects grow? How do they fail? What accounts for their changing fortunes? This paper uses the archives of a 1970s modernisation scheme to explore the life cycle of a long-running project, concerning the production of leaf protein in Nigeria. It argues that archives can be very useful for understanding success and failure, and encourages practitioners to take an interest in the story of past projects, even those that failed. Drawing on Actor-Network Theory, it argues that alliances are key to understanding project lifecycles, suggesting that practitioners focus on strengthening local relationships, rather than seeking answers in universal management templates.     

Ruralisation: a tool for rural transformation

There is a concept that development practitioners have either not heard of or not read, or have chosen to ignore – ruralisation. Unlike urbanisation in urban studies, ruralisation is rarely used as a concept in rural research. It remains a poorly explored concept. By challenging existing notions about the use of the concept, this article attempts to (re)introduce ruralisation as a fundamental concept in rural studies. What is ruralisation? Why do we need it? How can we use it for rural transformations? The article addresses these critical questions. It defines ruralisation and presents its conceptual framework for rural transformation.     

The pedagogy of listening

A great deal of participatory development literature emphasises the bottom-up production of citizen’s voices and their incorporation into policy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. Rarely do we hear of emphases on the question of listening, much as there exists a body of knowledge on integrating what experts consider to be the views and opinions of local people in the creation of socio-economic policies. This viewpoint outlines the kind of listening that builds on three key issues that emanate from Paulo Freire’s idea of listening as both a virtue and practice of tolerance. The major contention is that as development practitioners, we need to build our abilities and capacities to practise all the three forms of listening if we are to work with others in designing and implementing policies that improve lives and communities.     

Ethical aspects of scientific progress

Ethics and science are much more closely connected than some people assume. Erroneous perceptions of the nature of ethics are the probable cause of this. Ethics is an intrinsic and productive component of scientific work, not some external or retrospective obstruction of “real” scientific research. The ethical component is positively influenced by a thorough knowledge of the discipline it belongs to. Science thrives in a climate of freedom, but this must not be used as an alibi to circumvent social responsibility and ethical concern. Ethical science has a direct bearing on science policy. Giving due attention to the ethical aspect of scientific work leads to several tangible results. It increases interdisciplinary openness, it promotes the communicability of science, and, ideally, it demonstrates the difference between knowledge and wisdom. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

构建和谐社会中的经济法制

和谐社会是人类奋斗的目标,要实现这一目标离不开法制建设,其中经济法制通过协调私人与社会、市场与政府、效益与公平的矛盾,通过促进和维护市场公平自由竞争,通过加强和改善宏观调控秩序,有效地促进、建设和实现着和谐社会的目标。     

构建和谐社会与哲学社会科学的使命——兼谈桂林经济社会协调发展

构建社会主义和谐社会,是全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标,有着鲜明的现实针对性,不仅需要解决制度体制、意识形态、文化潮流、社会生活中出现的种种矛盾和问题,还需要科学的理论,需要文化的传承,需要理想信念的确立和人的全面发展.哲学社会科学作为推动历史发展和社会进步的重要力量,肩负着不断为构建和谐社会激发全社会的创造活力的时代使命.