Methodological Issues in Assessing the Effects of Maltreatment Characteristics on Behavioral Adjustment in Maltreated Children

This paper explored methodological issues in examining the impact of maltreatment characteristics on behavioral adjustment in a sample of maltreated school-age children. Different approaches to assessing the effects of maltreatment type were used to determine whether maltreatment characteristics differed by type of maltreatment and whether relationships between maltreatment characteristics and child behavioral functioning differed according to type of maltreatment. Results revealed several differences among the three types of maltreatment subgroups (physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse) on characteristics of maltreatment experiences. Correlations between maltreatment characteristics and outcome measures for the sample as a whole obscured findings that relationships were often specific to particular types of maltreatment. Developing generic definitions for maltreatment characteristics applicable to all forms of maltreatment is difficult because of differences in meaning across maltreatment types. Findings suggest that the role of maltreatment characteristics in children's behavioral functioning should be examined separately for each form of maltreatment.     

试论新联结主义的方法论

新联结主义是20世纪80年代早期认知心理学研究中所复兴的另一研究范式。相对于认知心理学的符号加工范式,新联结主义范式把"心理活动像大脑"作为其隐喻基础,这就决定了其在研究过程中必然要对大脑进行模拟研究,采用结构和功能模拟的方法。现代化研究手段不断运用于脑模拟研究,大脑的结构和功能也逐渐为人们所认识,大脑也不再是纯粹的"黑箱"系统,新联结主义就必然要采用灰箱方法。新联结主义把认知主要看成是神经网络相互作用中所突现的整体属性,因而必然会采用还原论与整体主义相融合的研究策略。     

农村党员结构失衡的原因

当前农村党员结构失衡,有客观和主观两方面的原因。     

论外资国民待遇标准与中国外资立法政策的调适

随着经济全球化、投资自由化趋势的日益增强 ,外资国民待遇标准的处延有逐步拓展、并在形式上有专门多边条约调整的趋势。我国改革开放以来过分依赖给予外资优惠的立法政策已显现出负面影响 ,为因应国际投资自由化和我国经济转型的需要 ,我国的外资立法应采取以维护内外资公平竞争环境为价值取向的政策。     

论罪刑法定原则的社会基础

罪刑法定原则的立法化 ,当然离不了学者们的创构与证成 ,但是关键还在于社会的现实需要。在一定意义上讲 ,罪刑法定原则的立法化与社会的现实结构紧密相关。在中国 ,伴随着一元化社会结构的是源远流长的刑事类推制度 ,而随着市民社会的兴起和二元化社会结构的成长 ,罪刑法定原则终于实现了立法化。     

合作社法律制度研究述评

现代意义上合作社法律制度研究到目前为止在我国已有近10年的历史积累,合作社的相关法律问题在法学和管理学界已得到了较为深入的探讨,文章在在当前的研究基础上对合作社的有关主要法律问题诸如合作社的法律性质、合作社的法律地位、合作社的立法体系、合作社的治理结构、合作社的竞争秩序规制、合作社的公共积累产权安排制度以及合作社的社会责任等作一述评.     

增值税转型对我国经济的影响

我国经济结构正处于战略性调整时期,新技术、新设备的采用至关重要。增值税由生产型转为消费型,对企业利润表、对现金流量表、对不同行业、对产业结构、对我国民族工业、对利用外资以及对证券市场以及对工业增长模式等方面产生了非常重要的影响。     

大连农业现代化,结构调整是关键

近三年来，全国各地认真贯彻关于党中央对我国农业和农村经济结构进行战略性调整的重大决 策，农业结构调整初见成效。大连市的农业结构调整也取得了很大进展，但仍需在形成规模、规划布 局、可持续发展、科教兴农等几个方面继续努力，以推进大连市农业率先实现现代化。     

线形结构基础上之双三角结构:对我国刑事诉讼结构之再认识

我国当前刑事诉讼结构是以线形结构为基础,并由庭审前阶段以检察裁判权为中心的前三角结构以及庭审阶段以法院审判权为中心的后三角结构所构成,这种结构存在一些弊端。改革的思路应当是,变线形结构为基础为庭审阶段三角结构为基础,确立庭审中心论并继续加强审判职能作用,同时强化检察机关对侦、辩双方诉讼行为的监督。     

A longitudinal test of the revised strain theory

Agnew's (1985) revised strain theory argues that delinquency results from the inability to escape legally from painful or aversive situations. There is much indirect support for the theory, with experimental and survey data indicating that delinquency is associated with a wide variety of aversive situations. The experimental data, however, are of questionable generalizability and the survey data are primarily cross sectional in nature, leaving unresolved the issue of causal direction. This study examines the relationship between environmental adversity and delinquency using longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of adolescent boys. A distribution-free method (arbitrary generalized least squares) is used to estimate a covariance structure model depicting a reciprocal relationship between adversity and delinquency. The results support the revised strain theory: environmental adversity has a causal effect on delinquency, but delinquency does not have an effect on adversity.