对西方经济学教学的几点建议

经济学作为一门致用的科学,在西方经济学的教学过程中,我们应该本着科学的态度,以"传道、授业、解惑"为宗旨,客观地对待我们所讲述的理论,在与其他流派的理论进行比较分析的同时、通过案例教学和理论实践效果分析、老师讲授与学生在实际调查研究中主动学习相结合,让学生尽可能客观、全面、深入地理解和认识我们所讲授的经济学理论,培养学生的经济学分析思维。     

Fuel Distribution in Brazil： Profile and Stability of Plural Governances

This paper is dedicated to the study of governances adopted by fuel distributors in their transactions with gas station retailers in the State of Sgo Paulo. With the deregulation of the market, plural forms were allowed and have been a recurring presence. The main aim of the paper is to investigate why these plural forms have remained on the market The main hypothesis of this paper is that the plural forms found are transitory, not as a result of increased efficiency and reduced transaction costs, but because plural forms have become a key strategic step in securing business partners and promoting greater growth of the firm. Moreover, it is argued that the institutional environment has a significant influence on the coordination of plural forms, directly interfering with their stability. The research method was qualitative research with a group of 25 distribution companies which account for about 80% of sales of ethanol and gasoline in the domestic market.     

How Economists Help Central Government Think: Survey Evidence from the UK Government Economic Service

Economic thinking is widely used now across most areas of government activity, though there is not much research on what professional economists do. This paper, therefore, develops and reports on a survey of over 500 members of the UK Government Economic Service, which we use to shed light on the activities and thinking of practitioners. We find, inter alia, that professional economics can be seen as drawing on at least four distinct economic paradigms, that the uses of economics vary significantly between areas of government and that whilst significant use of research can be made, this is not necessarily a defining aspect of professional practice.     

Corporate Governance of Nonprofit Organizations: Cooperation and Control

Abstract

This article explores the limits of institutional economics regarding the cooperation of boards of directors and executive directors of nonprofit organizations. The normative separation of power between these central actors resulting especially from arguments derived from institutional economics is being reflected using the analytical approach from the resource-based view and empirical evidence based upon group and motivational theory. After analyzing the board’s role and the individual board member’s role within a nonprofit organization, the paper explores the limits to decision-making within governing bodies. The paper shows why a unitary board can improve the quality of decision-making within nonprofit organizations by raising the incentives for the executive director to act as desired. The paper also explores the impact of trust and different types of control upon the key actors within the governance process in order to derive the suitable form of control from that analysis.     

经济学的"忧郁"和可持续发展

经济学的“忧郁”是指以李加图、马尔萨斯、马寅初等为代表的一批经济学家对经济可持续发展的一种早期的“忧患”意识。虽然他们的理论在不同时期都不同程度地遭受过人们的误解甚至是批判 ,但他们的理论却揭示出人类社会可持续发展过程中将会遇到的最根本的问题即人口、资源和环境等问题。因此 ,对经济的可持续发展具有奠基的作用和震撼的意义。     

马克思主义经济学的人文关怀与人的全面发展

人自身素质的提高和全面是社会发展目标和发展价值的一个重要组成部分。资本主义生产方式在促进人的普遍流动和发展人的能力的同时，又使人成为市场体系的附属物。马克思正是出于对人和人类劳动的深切关怀，在阐述经济社会发展时一再强调：这一历史过程就是要实现“人的解放”，实现人的个性的全面发展。     

The Informational Role of the Arbitration Clause

We analyse the role of an arbitration clause as a quality signal. We model a contractual relationship between one buyer and two sellers, one of which offers a high-quality product, the other a low-quality product. With a certain probability, the product is defective. The sellers have the choice of either taking the case to court if the product is defective, or including an arbitration clause in which case an arbitrator determines the indemnity payment. Under some conditions, only the high-quality seller offers an arbitration clause, which then serves as a quality signal.     

论犯罪经济学的研究对象及其与相邻学科的关系

犯罪经济学的研究对象一般由两大内容构成 :一是犯罪人犯罪的原因 ,二是犯罪的社会预防和控防对策。犯罪经济学的基本学术观点包括 :犯罪人与普通人没有本质差别 ;刑罚威慑犯罪 ;保留死刑 ;提倡多用罚金刑 ;广泛采用辩诉交易。犯罪经济学的相邻学科很多 ,主要涉及的有经济学、犯罪社会学和犯罪文化学等几种。     

The Evolution of a Fiscal Constitution When Individuals are Theoretically Uncertain

In contrast to the contractarian approach to constitutional economics, we follow Voigt (1999) in assuming that constitutional rules are closely connected to informal institutions and that their evolution is a matter of interest group activity and implicit re-interpretation. We add to this the assumption of theoretical uncertainty of individuals regarding the working properties of constitutional rules. Collective learning processes are considered as the third driving force of constitutional evolution, and at the same time as the source of path-dependencies which allow suboptimal constitutions to persist. Finally, it is argued that direct legislation offers more protection than a written fiscal constitution.