交通肇事逃逸重复评价背后的经济学问题

从表面上看,交通肇事罪中对逃逸的重复评价是对刑法原理中的禁止重复评价原则的挑战。但通过剖析禁止重复评价原则背后的经济学原理就会发现,二者本质上是相暗合的。这是因为,禁止重复评价原则背后的经济逻辑就是要保证威慑的最优化,而禁止重复评价原则的适用是有条件的,其前提便是某类犯罪的特定情节或行为没有导致该类犯罪的抓获概率在一段时期内明显下降,刑罚的威慑效果也没有因为特定情节或行为的出现而受到削弱,否则,对某类犯罪的特定情节或行为进行重复评价便是必要的。     

促进农地经营权流转的财税政策探讨——基于新制度经济学视角

我国农地经营权流转规模不断扩大,但总体水平较低。基于流转制度的变迁及流转动因进行新制度经济学分析,可以明确从降低流转中的交易成本和提高流转后的预期收益角度去探索政府财税政策的制定和实施是比较合理的思路。因而应尽快完善农村社会保障体系,削弱土地保障功能;加大财政投入农业产业化的力度,为农地规模化流转铺平道路;积极引导农村土地流转市场及流转中介组织的建立;支持农村剩余劳动力的有效转移。     

土地征收补偿标准的法经济学解读——兼论《物权法》第42条第2款及第132条之适用

现行法律未分别规定集体土地所有权及土地承包经营权的征收补偿标准,给《物权法》第42条第2款及第132条的适用带来了困惑。出于多方面因素考虑,集体土地征收应采取"二元化"的补偿模式;基于法经济学分析,在未设置土地承包经营权的假设下,集体土地所有权征收应以其市场交易的均衡价格作为补偿标准;家庭土地承包经营权征收应分别采用年平均产值、失地农民转业培训标准、居民社会保障标准,作为其收入、就业及社会保障效用减损的补偿标准;其他土地承包经营权征收应以延期收益损失作为补偿标准;分别考量未设置土地承包经营权的集体土地所有权征收补偿标准及土地承包经营权征收补偿标准,即可确定已设置土地承包经营权的集体土地所有权之征收补偿标准。     

Marx’s critical political economy, ‘Marxist economics’ and actually occurring revolutions against capitalism

Abstract

Most revolutions against capitalism have occurred in ‘backward’ and Third World societies, and they have divided and disarrayed Marxisms in the West. One key reason, this paper argues, is intellectual. When, long ago, Marxists surrendered to the bourgeois challenge to Marx – neoclassical economics – developing, in place of Marx’s critical political economy, a ‘Marxist economics’, they lost touch with Marx’s analysis of capitalism as contradictory value production. That analysis could illuminate how capitalism’s contradictions drive its imperialist expansionism and how and why resistance to it must, equally necessarily, take national forms. As a result, major currents of Marxism in the West either have paid attention to imperialism and anti-imperialist resistance but without Marx’s analysis of capitalism as contradictory value production or have insisted that their (mistaken) conception of Marx’s analysis implies that capitalism has no necessary connection with imperialism. Neither tradition can actually develop Marxism to comprehend the actual historical record of revolutions since Marx’s time. Neither can inform new mobilisations against capitalism, whether in or outside its homelands. It is high time we return to Marx’s analysis of capitalism as value production and develop it.     

Measuring peace using household-level data from post-conflict Solomon Islands

The definition of peace and its quantification has challenged many researchers. The extant literature defines and measures peace in contradistinction to violence, thereby making the measure an indirect one. There is scope for the alternative of a direct measure of peace in the form of a Peace Perception Index (PPI) as revealed here. We use household-level survey data from Guadalcanal Province in the Solomon Islands to compute the PPI. Our analysis shows that the once conflict-affected communities on Guadalcanal have attained a PPI of 88 per cent of the level of peace prior to the conflict. That is, the perception of the level of peace in the sampled community has improved to 88 per cent since the installation of a peacekeeping mission a decade back. We argue that recognising the people’s perceptions, rather than the use of the absolute minimalist or maximalist notion of peace provides nuances on the levels of peace reached in a post-conflict situation.     

Chinese Premier＇s Win-Win Europe Visit

THIS year could well be described as China＇s ＂European Year,＂ Premier Li Keqiang having visited the continent twice. In fact, he has been to Europe four times since taking office last year. Moreover,his presence at the 1oth Asia-Europe Meeting in Milan, Italy, on Oct 16-17 has brightened prospects for the new Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, which President Xi Jinping proposed last year, becoming operational.     

Security of tenure in conventional and flexible employment regimes: A neoinstitutional perspective

Security of tenure is discussed in this paper by contrasting conventional and recent hybrid so-called flexible employment regimes. These regimes will be analyzed in a neoinstitutional perspective—that is, within transaction cost and agency theory frameworks, including public choice considerations.We start from the premise that in a standard employment scenarioex ante hostages may not be taken and that limitedex post compensation payments are efficient. We then trace features of safeguarding employee investment in hybrid flexible regimes such as new independent contracting, franchising (and other relevantvariants of symbiotic contracting, capacity-oriented variable work time schemes, job sharing, and so on. We compare these new institutional creations in the labor market with standard regimes under the hypothesis that in an ideal scenario Pareto superior moves are feasible but that there is a systematic aberration from optimality caused by information asymmetries, search constraints (boundedness), and a lack of adaptive capacities of the regime users, particularly employees. This regime deception factor (RDF) needs theoretical and empirical scrutiny from both legal and economic perspectives.     

"饭稻羹鱼"--水族传统农耕文化的主题

今天生活在贵州南部黔桂边境地带的水族同胞,之所以孜孜不倦地追求"饭稻羹鱼"的稻作农耕文化思想,得益于历史上他们在广东、广西邕江流域长期的渔猎与采集的经济生活,在"垦食骆田"时代形成的稻鱼共生共获的生产格局,在他们辗转迁徙定居黔桂边境之后,演变成了"稻田养鱼",从而使"饭稻羹鱼"的传统农耕文化得以延续.     

An Analysis of Institutional Change in the European Union

Institutional change is guided by rules. In the European Union these rules are given by Art. 250–252 of the Treaty of Amsterdam. We analyze these articles as games in extensive form and characterize and compare the equilibria of these games. The analysis identifies the decisive actors and the conditions under which it comes to institutional changes in the European Union. In addition we analyze the tendencies for centralization inherent in these decision procedures as well as their ability to guarantee conflict-minimizing compromises between the institutional actors. We show that the historical evolution from Art. 250 over Art. 252 to Art. 251 implies an improved position of the European Parliament. Contrary to part of the literature we show that the move from Art. 250 to Art. 252 may have important consequences for the policies to be implemented and that the move from Art. 252 to Art. 251 improved the position of the European Parliament. Hence, our model is able to resolve the empirical anomalies resulting in conditional-agenda setting model by Tsebelis and therefore points to the importance of the sequential structure of the decision procedures.     

一种能动的司法与法律哲学——对波斯纳实用主义法律观之探析

本文从分析波斯纳所理解的法律实用主义与法律经济学的关系、法官的职业活动、法律与道德的关系等范畴入手,探析了构成波斯纳法学理论支柱之一的实用主义的结构与演进。