“后税费时代”农村公共物品难题的法经济学和法社会学分析——以大型农用水利设施为个案

税费改革和产权改革后的农村公共物品在运营上陷入困局，其根源在于改革在方向与规范、技术之间的脱节。这种脱节既反映在公共物品本身的运营系统内，还体现在更为复杂和深刻的制度背景之中。以“大制度理论”为背景，基于法经济学和法社会学的视角，大型农州水利设施的运营难题集中反映了当前家庭联产承包责任制的弊端和局限，凸显了当前农村自治在乡村组织动员能力建设和公共事务决策权分配这两个重大环节上的疏漏．并显示出当代农村改革在制度变迁上存在的缺陷和弊端。解决大型农用水利设施难题的具体方案应当遵循序列化、层次化的原则，有步骤、有重点地逐步推进。首先应建立中央和省级政府对大型农村水利设施的外贴制度，通过各级转移支付集中解决大型农用水利设施的历史负债，消化其巨大的沉淀成本，并在全体村民享有最终决策权的基础上，完善水利设施的产权改革，以及完善水费征收制度。其次应加强乡村直接民主制度、土地经营制度、乡村金融制度等宏观制度的建设和完善，并推动农村改革在制度变迁上走向科学与合理。     

The Not So Good,the Bad and the Ugly: Over Twelve Years of PPP in Ireland

Public–private partnerships have been adopted extensively in Ireland for over 12 years. This article analyses the practice of PPP procurement at the level of local government. It adopts economic and governance perspectives on PPP which highlight challenges with procurement under PPP such as complexity, uncertainty, hold-up, transparency and accountability. These perspectives provide a basis for an analysis of three cases of PPP procurement. Two cases from the water services sector illuminate problems arising from the complexity of value for money assessment at the ex ante contracting stage. These cases were also characterised by governance problems stemming from central government's role as policy advocate and steward of public funds. The case of PPP to deliver social housing also demonstrated the challenges of procurement under conditions of economic uncertainty and difficulties with achieving appropriate levels of risk transfer. All three cases demonstrate the value of stakeholder consultation in terms of meeting the governance challenges faced when adopting PPP.     

生态马克思主义经济学的实践要求——生态马克思主义经济学应用研究的探索

生态马克思主义经济学有一个从基础研究到应用研究的发展过程,其研究视角为如何塑造可持续发展的生产方式与可持续发展的生活方式。为促进人的社会行为成为生态文明的有机组成部分,可从七个方面来实施生态马克思主义经济学理论的实践要求:领会、贯彻国家推进生态经济发展的方针路线;分析生态取向发展实践中的深层次问题;确立发展目标;构建管理系统;培育社会机制;传播思想理念;倡导新型个人行为。以人为本、生态约束、追求和谐、社会调节、崇尚知识是生态马克思主义经济学的实践特点。     

论当代美国法经济学的理论流派——以学术传统为视角

法经济学运动就其整体而言,呈现出学派林立,思想杂多的学术景观.它显然不是一个立场相同、步调一致的运动,而是不同学术传统并存的研究过程,其中有些研究具有互补性,有些研究则具有竞争性甚至对立性.通过法经济学50多年学说发展史的研究,追根溯源、条分缕析,解读和阐述基于学术传统和研究视角的不同而并立的七种法经济学流派,具有重要理论意义.     

Innovation in the public sphere: reimagining law and economics to solve the National Institutes of Health publishing controversy

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) are responsible for the largest proportion of biological science funding in the United States. To protect the public interest in access to publicly funded scientific research, the NIH amended terms and conditions in funding agreements after 2009, requiring funded Principal Investigators to deposit published copies of research in PubMed, an Open Access repository. Principal Investigators have partially complied with this depository requirement, and the NIH have signaled an intent to enforce grant agreement terms and conditions by stopping funding deposits and engaging in legal action.The global economic value of accessible knowledge offers a unique opportunity for courts to evaluate the impact of enforcing ‘openness’ contract terms and conditions within domestic and international economies for public and economic benefit. Through judicial enforcement of Open Access terms and conditions, the United States can increase economic efficiency for university libraries, academic participants, and public consumers, while accelerating global innovation, improving financial returns on science funding investments, and advancing more efficient scientific publishing models.     

"饭稻羹鱼"--水族传统农耕文化的主题

今天生活在贵州南部黔桂边境地带的水族同胞,之所以孜孜不倦地追求"饭稻羹鱼"的稻作农耕文化思想,得益于历史上他们在广东、广西邕江流域长期的渔猎与采集的经济生活,在"垦食骆田"时代形成的稻鱼共生共获的生产格局,在他们辗转迁徙定居黔桂边境之后,演变成了"稻田养鱼",从而使"饭稻羹鱼"的传统农耕文化得以延续.     

促进农地经营权流转的财税政策探讨——基于新制度经济学视角

我国农地经营权流转规模不断扩大,但总体水平较低。基于流转制度的变迁及流转动因进行新制度经济学分析,可以明确从降低流转中的交易成本和提高流转后的预期收益角度去探索政府财税政策的制定和实施是比较合理的思路。因而应尽快完善农村社会保障体系,削弱土地保障功能;加大财政投入农业产业化的力度,为农地规模化流转铺平道路;积极引导农村土地流转市场及流转中介组织的建立;支持农村剩余劳动力的有效转移。     

土地征收补偿标准的法经济学解读——兼论《物权法》第42条第2款及第132条之适用

现行法律未分别规定集体土地所有权及土地承包经营权的征收补偿标准,给《物权法》第42条第2款及第132条的适用带来了困惑。出于多方面因素考虑,集体土地征收应采取"二元化"的补偿模式;基于法经济学分析,在未设置土地承包经营权的假设下,集体土地所有权征收应以其市场交易的均衡价格作为补偿标准;家庭土地承包经营权征收应分别采用年平均产值、失地农民转业培训标准、居民社会保障标准,作为其收入、就业及社会保障效用减损的补偿标准;其他土地承包经营权征收应以延期收益损失作为补偿标准;分别考量未设置土地承包经营权的集体土地所有权征收补偿标准及土地承包经营权征收补偿标准,即可确定已设置土地承包经营权的集体土地所有权之征收补偿标准。     

科斯定理的法和经济学拓展

科斯第一定理只讨论了交易费用为零和合作行为存在时的产权配置,科斯第二定理只强调了交易费用存在时,法律制度对资源有效率配置的重要作用,法和经济学则给出了交易费用下产权配置的“法律模拟市场”,以及产权保护的规则选择,但科斯定理的法和经济学的拓展也存在着严重的缺陷。     

Co-operation in institutional economics and the political economy of trust

The aim of this paper is to analyze the institutional economics of co-operation and the political economy of trust. It is reviewed the transactions costs, the principal-agent theory, market power, increasing-returns theory and value creation, strategic management, competitive forces, resource-based theory, organizational knowledge and learning, strategic choice theory and the collective efficiency theory. Finally, it is sustained the political economy of trust.