著作权合理使用及其经济学分析

合理使用是指在一定的条件下不经著作权人的许可,也不必向其支付报酬而对作品所进行的使用。在经济学看来,著作权法中的合理使用体现了著作权法实施的社会成本和收益间的平衡。其中交易成本分析方法运用于合理使用制度中,侧重于交易成本损害了自愿许可协议的达成从而导致市场失败的情形。合理使用还可以运用新古典经济学原理分析。     

新区域经济观:理论视野与实践案例

区域经济的发展和研究成为新的经济学热点问题。知识经济的兴起,国际经济全球化和区域经济一体化,为区域经济的实践、区域经济学的理论与方法注入了大量新内容,取得了一系列重要的研究成果。我们将这些研究成果概括为新区域经济观。本文概述区域经济学研究内容、层次与范围的拓展,分析区域经济理论创新和实践案例,探讨新区域经济观如何支撑五个“统筹”与区域协调发展等问题。     

Measuring peace using household-level data from post-conflict Solomon Islands

The definition of peace and its quantification has challenged many researchers. The extant literature defines and measures peace in contradistinction to violence, thereby making the measure an indirect one. There is scope for the alternative of a direct measure of peace in the form of a Peace Perception Index (PPI) as revealed here. We use household-level survey data from Guadalcanal Province in the Solomon Islands to compute the PPI. Our analysis shows that the once conflict-affected communities on Guadalcanal have attained a PPI of 88 per cent of the level of peace prior to the conflict. That is, the perception of the level of peace in the sampled community has improved to 88 per cent since the installation of a peacekeeping mission a decade back. We argue that recognising the people’s perceptions, rather than the use of the absolute minimalist or maximalist notion of peace provides nuances on the levels of peace reached in a post-conflict situation.     

Assuring Real Freedom of Movement in EU Direct Taxation

The decisions of the European Court of Justice in applying the Treaty principles of freedom of movement to the direct taxation of individuals have been strongly criticised as taking an overly simplistic view of the interactions between national tax systems. The interactions often make non-discrimination an inappropriate criterion. This article proposes a framework, grounded in economic analysis, for understanding the implications of the interactions for freedom of movement. First, I establish a precise definition of obstacles to freedom of movement of individuals as costs of migration, as distinguished from incentives to migration (such as mere differences in national tax levels). Incentives can encourage economic distortions in migration, but they are not obstacles to migration (or free movement). Secondly, I develop the cross-migration test to distinguish costs of migration from incentives. I apply the test to show that two commonly used schemes of double tax relief, including exemption with progression, create unjustified obstacles to free movement.     

交通肇事逃逸重复评价背后的经济学问题

从表面上看,交通肇事罪中对逃逸的重复评价是对刑法原理中的禁止重复评价原则的挑战。但通过剖析禁止重复评价原则背后的经济学原理就会发现,二者本质上是相暗合的。这是因为,禁止重复评价原则背后的经济逻辑就是要保证威慑的最优化,而禁止重复评价原则的适用是有条件的,其前提便是某类犯罪的特定情节或行为没有导致该类犯罪的抓获概率在一段时期内明显下降,刑罚的威慑效果也没有因为特定情节或行为的出现而受到削弱,否则,对某类犯罪的特定情节或行为进行重复评价便是必要的。     

The Not So Good,the Bad and the Ugly: Over Twelve Years of PPP in Ireland

Public–private partnerships have been adopted extensively in Ireland for over 12 years. This article analyses the practice of PPP procurement at the level of local government. It adopts economic and governance perspectives on PPP which highlight challenges with procurement under PPP such as complexity, uncertainty, hold-up, transparency and accountability. These perspectives provide a basis for an analysis of three cases of PPP procurement. Two cases from the water services sector illuminate problems arising from the complexity of value for money assessment at the ex ante contracting stage. These cases were also characterised by governance problems stemming from central government's role as policy advocate and steward of public funds. The case of PPP to deliver social housing also demonstrated the challenges of procurement under conditions of economic uncertainty and difficulties with achieving appropriate levels of risk transfer. All three cases demonstrate the value of stakeholder consultation in terms of meeting the governance challenges faced when adopting PPP.     

我国循环经济立法的法经济学思考——基于成本-效益分析

循环经济立法是保障我国循环经济运行,实现经济、社会和生态全面、协调、可持续发展的重要措施。我国传统的法律观念注重的是正义、公平等法的基本价值,对于立法很少有经济方面的分析,造成法律运行的社会成本高,社会效益不尽如人意。文章以经济学为视角,运用成本-效益分析方法,对循环经济的立法成本-效益进行分析,提出了完善循环经济立法的有关思路。以期促进《循环经济法》的诞生。     

关于侦查效益的研究

侦查行为与人类其他活动一样,也必须有“投入”或“消耗”,并按照特定的价值取向实现自身的价值目标。鉴于我国目前刑事案件大量增加而侦查资源有限的现状,侦查效益的研究无疑具有理论和现实意义。文章从侦查效益的含义及现状出发,进一步分析了影响侦查效益的诸因素,并有针对性地提出了一些解决方案,以期更好地指导侦查实践。     

从犯罪经济学视角审视治安案件查处收益

随着治安案件发案数的增加,在既定成本下努力提高案件查处收益,对于整个治安管理工作具有重要意义,文章从犯罪经济学的视角审视治安案件查处收益,利用理性选择理论探讨违法行为人的行为抉择,并建立经济模型阐述案件查处收益与违法成本的关系,指出提高案件查处收益的途径,以期为完善治安案件查处工作提供一些建议和参考。     

西部经济发展滞后的原因分析——基于新兴古典经济学视角

近几年,东西部地区之间的差距呈扩大趋势,文章尝试在新兴古典经济学的视角下探讨其原因,并认为国家要大力发展西部,缩小沿海地区与中西部的差距,应致力于改善西部的交易效率,推动其分工演进,从而提高生产效率和经济效率,促进经济增长。