Shaping Political Preferences: Information Effects in Political-Administrative Systems

Information is at the heart of politics. However, since information is always sent by someone who is more or less powerful, it is difficult to disentangle the effect of information from the power of the sender. Drawing on a standard model of attitude formation, we argue that presenting information can affect preferences of politicians regardless of the power of the sender. We test this proposition in a survey experiment with 1205 Danish local politicians in which the experimental groups were presented with varying levels of cost information but where sender remained constant. The experiment shows that even in a setting where the information is not disclosed by a powerful sender, information may have a stronger impact on political preferences than other well-known determinants such as committee and party affiliation. Our findings speak to learning theories, knowledge perspectives and the literature on the determinants of politicians’ preferences.     

医学生中医体质与睡眠质量的相关性分析

目的 探讨医学生睡眠质量与中医体质的分布特点及二者之间的关联性。方法 采用横断面研究,对安徽2所高校1 137例医学生的睡眠质量及中医体质分布情况进行横断面调查。采用典型相关分析探讨二者之间的相关性。结果 ①医学生睡眠障碍检出率为26.30%,男女学生在睡眠障碍得分上的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,各年级医学生在睡眠质量各因子得分上的差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。②医学生平和质占18.47%,偏颇体质占81.53%。偏颇体质中排名前3位的依次是气虚质（占17.77%）、阴虚质（占15.22%）和阳虚质（占14.16%）。③不同体质类型的学生睡眠质量差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。典型相关分析显示医学生中医体质与睡眠质量存在显著的相关性（P＜0.05）。V1所代表的湿热质与W1所代表的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh sleep quality index, PSQI)正相关,湿热体质者PSQI得分高,睡眠质量差。结论 医学生睡眠质量不佳,发生偏颇体质的可能性较高,气虚质、阴虚质、气郁质、湿热质者睡眠质量较差。     

Pathways to aggression: A factorial survey of “Routine conflict”

Based on data collected in 1994 from a factorial survey of 2052 respondents, this paper examines how routine conflict may escalate into aggression taking into account social context and characteristics of the victim and offender. Following Luckenbill and Doyle's (1989) suggestion, we developed a series of scenarios to examine the influence of structural position on the emergence of disputes and the legitimation of aggression. The analysis reveals a direct relationship between the intensity of an attack with the emergence of a dispute and the legitimation of aggression. Results indicate that situational aspects of structural position do not extend beyond sex differences. This emphasizes the generalizing effect of male on male confrontation in the legitimation of aggression. The strengths and limitations of scenario-based research for understanding violence in society are discussed. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the annual meetings of the American Society of Criminology, Miami, November 1994.     

道路交通事故制动拖印的认定和测量

道路交通事故制动拖印可以判断肇事车辆的逃逸方向,推算肇事车辆制动前的车速,判断肇事车辆的接触点,但正确无误地认定有一定的困难。道路交通事故现场勘查人员应根据制动拖印的明显的特征,较长的刮痕、积聚物等痕迹物证来正确认定和准确测量。     

The International Crime Business Survey: Findings from Nine Central–Eastern European Cities

The important findings of the International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS) have led the organisers to attempt to expand the scope of research to address the problem of victimisation of businesses through a specific international survey. Further to a first international survey in eight countries in 1994, the questionnaire was revised to focus in particular on the issues of corruption, fraud and extortion. The International Crime Business Survey (ICBS) was conducted in nine central–eastern European capital cities in 2000. The article presents a comparative analysis of experiences and attitudes of businesses in central–eastern Europe, where possible with reference to comparable information collected through the international households survey (ICVS) in the same cities and at the same time. Although there is great potential in this type of international research, too few resources are involved in analysing the results and looking at possible policy implications.The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarly reflect the views of the United Nations     

北京市依法行政调研

本文总结了北京市依法行政的现状及成绩 ,查找出依法行政中存在的问题 ,并有针对性地提出推进首都依法行政进程的对策与建议。     

National survey of professional practice in child sexual abuse

A sample of 276 professionals described how they spend their professional time, their attitudes and knowledge about etiology and treatment of sexual abuse. Professionals were also asked to respond to a case vignette where varied on two dimensions: age of the child victim and relationship of the offender to the victim. Agencies receiving the questionnaire were randomly assigned to one of the six possible scenario conditions resulting from the two dimensions.     

关于第三方调查的法学追问——兼论宪法第七十一条

“躲猫猫事件”中出现的网友调查委员会被称为“第三方调查”.从法律概念的确定性来看,这个概括并不恰当,“第三方参与式调查”这一提法更加符合事情的本相.这一概念关乎法律概念的明确性、行政程序的正当性和行政调查权的规范化,值得认真研究.     

对高职高专毕业生就业方式及就业理念的调查分析

近年来,随着我国高职高专教育规模的不断扩大,毕业生的数量也随之逐年剧增,高职高专学生的就业理念、就业价值观、就业方式及形式等也随之发生了重大的转变.目前,高职高专毕业生的就业方式及就业理念已成为人们不得不思考的问题,针对高职高专毕业生的就业方式及就业理念进行调查分析,旨在完善高职高专毕业生就业辅导机制,以帮助高职高专毕业生实现职业梦想.     

An Empirical Investigation of Factors Contributing to Item Nonresponse in Self-Reported Bullying Instruments

ABSTRACT

Researchers often use self-reported instruments to collect data from students when investigating the causes and effects of bullying. When completing the instrument, students may skip items despite anonymous data collection. To interpret data accurately, researchers must identify the causes of nonresponse. This study examined the impact of item (types of bullying and position) and student (sex and grade level) factors on nonresponse in bullying items. The sample included 10,681 students from grades 8, 9, and 11 who skipped at least one bullying item in the Minnesota Student Survey. Results showed that students were more likely to skip the items presented toward the end of the survey. The type of bullying had no impact on nonresponse. Male students and students at higher grade levels were more likely to skip the items. To alleviate the nonresponse issue, researchers are recommended to consider both survey length and student factors when administering bullying instruments.