新型大学学生个性发展的现状分析

由于新型大学自身的特殊性,新型大学大学生的个性发展状况与普通高校大学生个性发展状况相比,也呈现出较大的不同和差距。新型大学应结合自身特点,改进教育方式,创造一个有利于大学生个性发展的和谐环境。     

HOW CITIZENS ASSESS JUST PUNISHMENT FOR POLICE MISCONDUCT*

In their dealings with citizens, police in most jurisdictions across the country are prohibited from using unnecessary force, abusing their authority, discourteous behavior, and offensive language. This study examines the factors that contribute to citizens' judgments of fair punishment for police misconduct. Using a factorial survey, citizens are asked to judge vignettes of police misconduct that describe encounters between officers and civilians in detail. The findings show that citizens do weigh the officer's behavior, particularly the unnecessary use of force, and mitigating evidence, particularly the degree to which the civilian is injured. Also, the findings show that respondents' social status, including their race, does not explain ratings, but that respondents' political orientation, that is, liberal versus conservative orientation, does make a significant difference. The findings demonstrate a normative consensus among respondents about the factors to weigh in judging a fair punishment for police misconduct as well as a consensus about the relative severity of appropriate punishment. There is some disagreement among citizens, however, about how to translate judgments of relative severity into a specific punishment for a particular case.     

Backing Out or Backing In? Commitment and Consistency in Audience Costs Theory

Audience costs theory posits that domestic publics punish leaders for making an external threat and then backing down. One key mechanism driving this punishment involves the value the public places on consistency between their leaders’ statements and actions. If true, this mechanism should operate not only when leaders fail to implement threats, but also when they fail to honor promises to stay out of a conflict. We use a survey experiment to examine domestic responses to the president's decision to “back down” from public threats and “back into” foreign conflicts. We find the president loses support in both cases, but suffers more for “backing out” than “backing in.” These differential consequences are partially explained by asymmetries in the public's treatment of new information. Our findings strongly suggest that concerns over consistency undergird audience costs theory and that punishment for inconsistency will be incurred, regardless of the leader's initial policy course.     

Surveying support for child and youth political participation in Australia and New Zealand

Recent decades have witnessed increased empirical and policy interest in children’s citizenship, particularly since the ratification of the United Nations Declaration of Children’s Rights. However, support for children’s active citizenship is often hindered by the pervasiveness of discourses that characterise children as innocent, developing, and free from responsibility. Public and governmental decision-making largely excludes children’s consultation and contributions, often determined by age alone. To quantifiably assess the amount of public support for children’s political participation, we commissioned a Likert scale survey question on degrees of support for children and youth (across four age groups between 3 and 18 year olds) having the opportunity to influence government decisions, in the Australian and New Zealand 2016 versions of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP). Analysis of responses to this question in relation to demographic survey data indicate variation in preferences for different age groups, and that age, gender, and political party preference of respondents were variables of significance for both nations. These variables point to potential predictors of attitudes toward political participation of children and youth which have relevance for policymakers and educators in relation to provision of programmes that will increase the engagement of children and youth in government decision-making.     

未成年人刑事案件社会调查若干问题刍议

我国对未成年人刑事案件开展社会调查的实践已经有10余年的时间。但是由于一直缺少法律规定,所以在对未成年人刑事案件开展调查的过程中,有关调查主体、调查程序、调查报告的撰写等没有统一规范,全国各地做法各异。虽然新《刑事诉讼法》做了明确统一的规范,但对社会调查的细节依然没有规定。因此,围绕未成年人刑事案件社会调查的主体、社会调查程序起点以及社会调查报告的属性进行研究十分必要。     

Crime and Security in Asia: Diversity and Development

The Asian Journal of Criminology aims to advance the study of criminology and criminal justice in Asia, to promote evidence-based public policy in crime prevention and to promote comparative studies about crime and criminal justice. Asia’s cultural and legal diversity are discussed in the light of the variations in rates of crime, imprisonment and victimisation. Fostering a criminological community in Asia will contribute to improvements in the provision of mutual legal assistance that is now required to combat trans-national crime.     

The Relationship between Ombudsman, Government, and Citizens: A Survey Analysis

Since the 1960s, ombudsmanship has become increasingly popular. Although there is a great deal of literature on ombudsmen, existing research rarely focuses on the people who actually use the ombudsman's services. This article examines those who seek the help of ombudsmen in Belgium, and asks whether ombudsmen's intervention has a noticeable effect on citizens' confidence in government and public administration. Based on three surveys of 626 complainants, our analysis suggests that we should not see the ombudsman in Belgium as merely an instrument to help citizens but that they can also function as "change agents" and provide early warnings of problems in public administration. The role of ombudsmen in directly strengthening trust in government is limited at best. Furthermore, it seems that the profile of ombudsman complainants is skewed; our findings indicate that the socially disadvantaged are less likely to use the institution.     

社会背景下青少年对沟通渠道的选择

用来支持和维系现有社会关系的在线交流越来越多地融入到人们的日常生活中。文章研究调查了与偏爱当面交流、电话通讯和在线交流相关的因素。对强调关系来源、关系亲密程度和沟通内容会影响青少年选择何种沟通渠道的背景框架进行了实证检验。     

辽宁省治安调解情况调查

辽宁省近三年治安调解实践的调查情况表明，因民间纠纷引发的社会矛盾纠纷呈现出与社会变迁相关的新特点，与之相对应，治安调解已经成为治安案件查处和平息纠纷、化解矛盾的主要方式。但是，无论立法还是执法实践，治安调解在公安基础工作方面的重要性与其得到的重视程度显然极不相称，且显现立法和实践断裂的现象。在此基础上，针对相关问题，本文在立法和执法两个环节提出了相应的解决措施。     

高职院校学生思想特点与主体意识情况的调查报告

调查涉及高职院校学生的专业思想、学习动力、课余闲暇、心理情绪、交往恋爱、价值观念等多个方面，从不同的角度来考察高职学生思想特点与主体意识情况。调查结果显示，高职院校的学生具有自主意识较强，思考问题更注重实际；注重个人内在心理体验与满足，有较强的自我意识；与人沟通观念正确，合作意识比较强；注重个人能力，正向的价值取向；自主意识较强与自主能力缺乏等特点。这些特点具有主导性与相对性，是高职院校开展学生思想政治教育的前提与基础。