公共部门质量体系认证的可持续性研究——基于淮安市相关实践的调查与思考

引入ISO9000体系曾是我国地方政府管理的一大时尚,但总体看没有摆脱昙花一现的命运。本文试图对这一可持续困境做出系统诠释。文章描述了质量认证的发展轨迹,展示目前面临的可持续困境;立足国际经验,简述质量认证可持续性影响因素的研究成果;基于焦点群体访谈和江苏省淮安市的案例,分析导致可持续困境的原因,并对淮安有实无名的特例及其运行机制进行了描述分析;最后得出一般性结论并提出建议。     

Solving the security–democracy dilemma: the US foreign policy in Tunisia post-9/11

Abstract

Scholarly consensus postulates a sharp contrast exists between liberal values and realist interests in US foreign policy in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which finds its expression in the ‘security–democracy’ dilemma.? This means the US rhetorical determination to abide by the values of a ‘liberal’ foreign policy is neutralised by the ‘realist’ priority of maintaining US strategic interests, which requires support for friendly authoritarian rulers. Scholarship tends to apply this reasoning indistinctly to the entire region, providing an encompassing framework of analysis for understanding US foreign policy, which is valid across time and space. This study challenges this theoretical assumption and argues that while the US might indeed have a comprehensive regional approach in the MENA, the resulting foreign policy follows country-based trajectories that respond to national specificities and the perceived implications for US strategic interests. Exploring US foreign policy in the MENA after 9/11, the article demonstrates that while the US emphasis on liberalism crumbled when faced with security issues, the US liberal approach to Tunisia unfolded more consistently. Although the US continued formal cooperation with Ben Ali’s regime, it empowered at the same time a coalition of democratic opponents, solving the security–democracy dilemma and positively influencing the Tunisian democratisation.     

管窥农村小额信贷法律困境

小额信贷是一种以城乡低收入阶层为服务对象的小规模金融服务方式。小额信贷既是金融服务的创新,又是扶贫的重要方式。随着农村小额信贷的广泛开展,其对法律制度完善需求日益迫切,因此探讨我国农村小额信贷所面临的法律困境和对策,对完善相应法律制度,促进农村小额信贷发展具有重要意义。     

我国行政联合执法的困境及改进

行政联合执法作为我国行政主体一种重要的执法模式,其在一定程度上有利于行政执法目标的实现,还可有效降低执法成本、提高执法效率。但就联合本身而言,无论其主体资格的合法性还是权力行使保障性等方面,皆处于一种困境之中。本文试图从行政联合执法产生的背景着手,对其基本内涵加以阐释,并对当前面临的困境进行系统分析,提出针对性的改进措施,以期对改善行政联合执法现状,推进我国政府依法行政建设进程有所裨益。     

破解行政执法困境的法治解读

行政执法中的执法不作为与乱作为与执法"有法不遵守、程序不规范、裁量不公正、行为不文明"等密切相关。十八届四中全会提出"深化行政执法体制改革,坚持严格规范公正文明执法"。这是行政执法改革的方向。推进严格规范公正文明执法,必须通过法治化的路径,从以下四个方面予以推进:严格执法以法制完备为前提、规范执法以公开透明为保障、公正执法以裁量正当为重心、文明执法以人性关怀为内核。     

辩诉交易在我国适用的困境——以美国辩诉交易的基础为视角

美国的辩诉交易是为了应对高犯罪率、刑事案件大量积压以及普通程序比较繁琐的弊端而产生的,它的产生有其特定的理论和制度基础。我国不能盲目移植美国的辩诉交易制度,应结合我国的具体情况分析。     

21世纪以来台湾高科技产业发展困境与出路探讨

近年来台湾高科技产业的发展遭遇困境,主要表现在新一代主导产业成长乏力、高科技产业竞争力下降、代工模式陷入僵局三方面。而这些表象的背后则是当局僵化的高科技产业政策、知识产权制度漏洞以及产业本身的结构性问题等内在制约因素。未来台湾高科技产业要想摆脱发展困境,必须调整发展策略与模式。     

Employment,structural adjustment and sustainable growth in Mexico

To date the literature on subjective well-being has focused on the developed economies. We provide empirical evidence from two emerging market countries, Peru and Russia. Our results - and in particular a strong negative skew in the assessments of the respondents with the greatest income gains - support the importance of relative rather than absolute income differences. Among other factors, we attribute our results to shifts in reference norms and to macroeconomic volatility. Relative differences seem to matter more for those in the middle of the distribution than for the very wealthy or the very poor. Our respondents were more critical in assessing their progress vis-à-vis others in their country versus those in their community. The large and consistent gap we find between objective income trends and the subjective assessments of the upwardly mobile may have implications for the future economic and political behaviour of a group that is critical to the sustainability of market policies.     

East African Economic Development Over the Next Twenty Years: Some Forecasts About Qualitative Changes

Combining social movement approaches to resource mobilization and collective identity, this article investigates the role of external material resources in shaping the direction of collective action against HIV/AIDS within the Kamwokya Christian Caring Community (KCCC), a Catholic community-based initiative in Kampala. From its origins in the late 1980s as a community of Christians providing “holistic care” to people living with HIV/AIDS, the KCCC has in the wake of increasing external funding been transformed into a professional development non-governmental organization (NGO). In the process, the ideals of holistic care have gradually been overshadowed by neo-liberal development rationalities and bio-political concerns. The article therefore argues that successfully mobilizing donor funding can have unintended consequences for the nature of religious collective action against HIV/AIDS.