法律论证与司法裁判的正当性追求——转型中国语境下的司法裁判困境及其反思

司法裁判的正当性问题及以对话理论为主要内容的法律论证理论,近年来在我国受到学界广泛关注。为增强司法公信力,司法实践对此也作出了应有的回应和探索,重点是强化庭审功能,推行裁判文书改革。尤其强调裁判理由阐释及论证,要求法官必须公开其心证过程。但在中国转型社会的现实语境中,实质公正仍是司法裁判追求的最高目标,法官适用法律存在多重困境,法律论证过程不可避免地遭遇尴尬。司法裁判的正当性追求仍应以实现法律之内的正义为基础,同时应回应立法目的与社会利益。     

The Politics of Technology Decline: Discursive Struggles over Coal Phase‐Out in the UK

The decline of carbon intensive technologies is a key element in the ongoing energy transition and our attempts to tackle climate change. At the same time, our understanding of technology decline and of the associated policies and politics is still limited. This paper builds on the sustainability transitions perspective, a novel approach to analyze socio‐technical transformation, including the complex interplay of policy and technology change. We study the decline of coal‐fired power generation in the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2017 by analyzing the discourse in The Guardian. We find scientists and environmental NGOs criticizing coal for climate and health reasons. Government and incumbent businesses tried to re‐legitimate coal but eventually, their resistance collapsed and coal was almost completely abandoned in just a few years. Particularly devastating for coal were failed promises around carbon capture and storage, rapid diffusion of wind energy, and pressure from various policies. This study contributes to better understanding the contested nature of decline, and the interplay of discursive struggles, technology change, and public policy in sustainability transitions.     

Interdependence,asymmetric crises,and European defence cooperation

Although international crises are often believed to represent windows of opportunity to strengthen European defence cooperation, recent crises have not seemed to produce a clear convergence of European Union (EU) member states’ security interests. This article seeks to address this puzzle by arguing that European defence cooperation is a response to crises that place European states in a situation of military interdependence. Conversely, asymmetric crises, i.e. crises that affect European states unevenly, encourage those states to maintain their autonomy of action. This theoretical argument is supported by two case studies: the failure of the European Defence Community in the early 1950s and the current difficulties experienced by the EU’s military operations. These two cases illustrate a striking continuity in that, because of (neo)colonial ties in particular, European states are often unevenly affected by international crises, which tends to make defence cooperation less effective.     

均衡困境与金融安全：国际货币制度变迁及问题

全球金融危机的爆发和对金融安全所产生的巨大影响,为国际货币体系的制度变迁创造了强大的外部动力,并使之成为二十国集团(G20)主导的全球金融治理改革的核心议程之一。随着危机影响的逐渐消散,国际货币体系改革陷入了"均衡困境",即国际货币体系的制度变迁在达到或持续趋近于最优状态之前,便停滞于某种相对稳定的状态,危机所创造的变迁动力逐渐减弱,主要国家行为体继续维持、接受或无力独自改变既有国际货币体系。在此均衡困境下,国际货币体系存在已久的诸多问题依然没有解决,主要包括主权货币充当国际货币的相关问题、汇率制度多样化以及随之而来的汇率波动和汇率失调、国际收支调节不力导致的宏观经济失衡、国际货币组织低效等。从国际货币制度变迁与金融安全的角度而言,后危机时期的改革并未带来一个更加安全的金融世界。     

论周作人的日本诗歌翻译

周作人曾翻译介绍过许多日本诗歌,他调动了现代口语丰富的表现功能,有力地传达出了日本小诗的神韵。周作人翻译日本诗歌的用意是希望中国的诗歌能借鉴日本诗歌的精华,希望中国的新诗坛能够摆脱创作的困境。遗憾的是,这种含蓄而意境悠远的诗歌却始终没能在中国诗坛上出现。日本诗歌给予中国诗坛的影响更多的只是形式上的借鉴。     

Climate Change and UK Politics: From Brynle Williams to Sir Nicholas Stern

In 2000 the UK Labour government abandoned annual real fuel duty increases - a policy it had inherited from the preceding Conservative administration - in the face of direct action by farmers and hauliers. A short-term Conservative lead in the polls opened up. In 2006, the same Chancellor, Gordon Brown, announced an increase in air passenger duty from February 2007 in the light of the newly published Stern Review. The opposition parties denounced this as too feeble.
As Stern points out, all citizens in the world are in a global N-person prisoners' dilemma. Everybody knows that a world without global warming is better than a world with it; but each actor is unconditionally better off from continuing to pollute than from restraining her polluting.
Everybody expects somebody else to drive less. Now, however, all parties have committed themselves to tax and/or emission trading policies to mitigate global warming. The paper examines this transition.     

Sufism, spirituality and sustainability： Rethinking Islamic mysticism through contemporary sociology

People are looking for therapeutic ways to deal with the damaging rhythms and handicaps of modem life styles which threaten the physical, social and psychological endurance of human-beings. Reconsideration of＂old＂ philosophies, ancient wisdom and spiritual/mystical paths in a contemporary context was among the solutions that were launched to overwhelm the modem sense of alienation in the second half of 20th century and this tendency is still going on nowadays at the first decade of 21 st century. Sufism has been one of the traditions from which modem individuals expected answers to their ontological dilemmas produced in daily life by the society, social relations, media and finally by themselves. The purpose of this paper is to discuss sociologically whether Sufism, the mystical, peaceful and tolerant way of Islam could be an answer to the social problems of modem societies. What is the social alternative of Sufi traditions regarding the contemporary issues such as： Social and technological alienation, sustainable development and environmental/ecological crisis？ This paper is an attempt to emphasize the possibilities of Sufism beyond spirituality, with a discussion based on the sociological conception of the subject.     

能源安全观与中欧对非能源 可持续开发模式比较

欧洲视非洲为其传统势力范围,在一体化进程中也始终将非洲作为其身份的外部对应,将其置于非常重要的地缘政治战略地位。过去十年来,非洲经济迅速发展,考虑到非洲大陆蕴涵着丰富的能源资源,欧盟日益关注在非洲的利益,通过倡导“可持续”能源开发理念,对非洲实施新的能源开发布局。新中国成立以来,中国同非洲一直保持着积极友好的合作关系,随着中国经济的崛起,非洲不仅成为中国能源安全多样化风险分担的重要地区,也是中国实施“走出去”战略的重要实验场所。中国援助非洲把资源优势转化为经济发展优势,结合中国经验走出了“以基础设施建设换能源”的对非洲能源开发模式,取得了不俗的成绩。由于中国和欧盟对能源安全的可持续性有着不同的理解,导致双方在非洲能源开发中走出了两条不同的路径。非洲对基础设施建设和能源可持续开发的关注,促进了中国和欧盟在非洲能源开发中的合作。     

东北亚国家安全体系:从双边困境到多边合作的安全路径分析

作为经典国际安全理论的安全困境理论无法充分说明后冷战时代东北亚区域国家安全状态。无论从体系引导型安全困境亦或国家引导型安全困境,都难以找到东北亚各国安全战略差异产生的根本原因。东北亚各国间的安全互动已经形成了一个超越安全困境并以美国为核心的地区国家安全体系。通过对东北亚国家安全体系结构和流动性安全要素的考察可以发现,各国安全战略的不同与其在国家安全体系结构中的位置和对流动性安全要素的控制能力密切相关。这有助于进一步探寻东北亚国家间安全关系从双边困境到多边合作的路径。     

类案检索机制的设计原理与实施评估

类案检索机制从2017年8月1日提出以来,最高人民法院和各级人民法院密集出台了实施规范。类案检索机制的原理是:法官依托类案检索系统,全面检索与其待办案件类似的案件,法官依据检索结果制作类案检索报告,法官对同类生效案件裁判尺度与正在审理的案件进行比较,以类案类判为标准作出裁判。针对我国类案检索机制在实施中的问题,将来的类案检索机制应当从以下几个方面进行完善:优化裁判文书数据库、改进技术应用手段、完善检索规则、确立类案识别标准、公开类案检索结果。