Towards a Real Sustainable Agri‐food Security and Food Policy: Beyond the Ecological Fallacies?

The recent rises in food prices represent the ‘tip of the iceberg’ and a ‘canary in the mine’ moment for world agriculture. They are underlain by a continuing ‘race to the bottom’ and speculative process whereby systems of resource production and exploitation are continuing to rely upon ‘infinite supply’ assumptions and narrow technological solutions to ‘feeding the world’. I argue here that these conditions are leading to a dominant policy framing that tends to marginalise diverse and place‐based agro‐ecological systems by creating a new legitimacy for bio‐economic rather than eco‐economic solutions. Government and policy‐making bodies need to redefine and widen their approaches to agriculture and agri‐food in ways that recognise its social, cultural, political and spatially diverse contribution in a post‐carbon world.     

浅析“扶老困局”的消解路径

＂乐于助人＂、＂尊老爱幼＂是中华民族的传统美德,然而＂老人摔倒无人敢扶＂已经成为日常生活中的一个景象,这虽然是社会转型时期的社会失范导致的短暂社会现象,但也应该引起我们对社会公德和法律冲突的思考,积极探索＂扶老困局＂的消解路理十分必要。     

‘More soy on fewer farms’ in Paraguay: challenging neoliberal agriculture's claims to sustainability

The knowledge claims of sustainable commodity discourses are often presented as ‘fact’ in policy debates. Such claims, however, are better understood as coproduced with neoliberal values and power, in the context of ‘more soy on fewer farms’ – the concentration of land and productive resources – in Paraguay. I analyze five claims that link ‘responsible soy’ to reduced deforestation, good agricultural practices, national economic growth, increased food security and public participation in soy governance. I examine ways in which each of these claims is contingent and contested. With an explicit commitment to equity, I argue that alternatives to ‘responsible soy’, that include rather than exclude small-scale producers in Paraguay's agricultural development trajectory, are likely to culminate in stronger claims to sustainability by redressing the equity issues that have been marginalized by neoliberal agriculture.     

Seas,Oceans and Fisheries: A Challenge for Good Governance

Abstract

Seas, oceans and fisheries are probably among the most challenging natural resource systems to govern. This contribution discusses why this is so by analysing the key issues and presenting a selection of approaches to tackle them. The main recommendations are for control of illegal and open access fisheries, reduction of perverse subsidies, establishment of more marine protected areas, and proper evaluation of the importance of fisheries to future generations. Only then can fisheries be managed sustainably. The paper uses fish and fisheries in the Commonwealth of Nations to illustrate the points being made.     

行政调解的制度价值、内生贫困与生长点

行政调解作为调解的一种类型体现了行政机关服务行政的鲜明特点。行政解纷独特的优势以及公众对行政机关解决纠纷的需求,使对行政调解的研究具有重要的价值。本文从调解的治理功能、政策回馈效果以及多元化解纷趋势三个角度探讨了行政调解的制度价值,并对行政调解制度的内生贫困所引致的具有任意色彩的行政调解实践以及实践载体的模型构建与研究阙如进行了分析。行政调解制度新的生长点,在于固定行为研究既得价值,推进制度文本的出台,并以此推动制度载体和制度实践的扩展。     

群众路线视域下的公安路线警卫工作困境与突围

公安路线警卫工作贯彻群众路线是警卫部队响应中央"八项规定"文件精神,推进平安中国建设、深化警卫形式改革的一项重点工作。基于政策变迁对警卫工作提出的多维挑战,传统的路线警卫工作方式已经无法满足新形势下的现实需求,路线警卫工作逐渐显露出内生性警卫执行主体存在差异、外部性安全隐患之挑战、保障性法律制度之缺失三个层面的不足。因此,解决上述问题应转变工作理念,加强能力建设;强化信息化建设,优化指挥体系;完善风险评估,填补法律漏洞。     

Groups,Decision Rules,and Negotiation Outcomes: Simulating the Negotiator's Dilemma

The negotiator's dilemma is a vexing problem (structurally similar to the prisoner's dilemma), but it is made more complicated by the fact that many negotiations involve teams of negotiators. Although it is widely recognized that the behavior of groups of people can deviate in important ways from the behavior of individuals, the implications of this for the negotiator's dilemma are unclear. For this article, I have used a computer simulation to explore the impact of different decision rules (majority rule, consensus, and weakest link) on how the approach of groups to negotiations might differ. The results suggest that the use of different decision rules can greatly complicate negotiations. While the majority rule is quite versatile in multiple contexts, a pairing of weakest link and consensus decision rules is highly problematic for finding a negotiated settlement.     

社会组织参与公共危机治理:价值、困境与路径

社会组织参与公共危机治理过程具有非常重要的价值,它可以提升公共危机治理的科学性、及时性和有效性。目前,我国社会组织在参与公共危机治理过程中虽然成效明显,但仍面临着相关法律制度不完善、组织化程度较低、自治能力较弱等多重困境。因此,必须从政府与社会组织自身两个层面入手,进行制度性框架的构建,优化公共危机治理的过程和效能,促进社会组织治理能力的提升。     

破解垃圾分类困境的社区经验及其优化

垃圾分类对资源再利用和社会可持续发展的意义重大，但现阶段社区垃圾分类困境仍比较突出。调查发现，N市D社区以居民共同管理、共同监督的方式，逐步摸索出一套破解垃圾分类难题的基层经验。一方面，社区组建垃圾分类居民志愿组织，依托组织中居民间的“人情关系”互动，以“熟人”劝说的方式引导居民参与垃圾分类。另一方面，社区参与垃圾分类居民通过舆论监督来制造“面子”压力，迫使未参与垃圾分类的居民为了“不丢面子”而参与社区垃圾分类。但从模式复制及推广的角度而言，社区经验还存在政府缺位、资金匮乏以及制度保障相对滞后等不足，由此提出应建立多元主体协同治理机制、设置社区居民自治激励资金、完善垃圾分类法律法规等优化建议。     

融合抑或排斥--从文化视角分析印尼华人困境

印尼华人困境是个有着漫长历史而又十分复杂的民族问题.我们在观察这一现象时不排除经济、政治的作用,但在其背后我们能否有更多的思考.本文认为文化差异必然导致文化冲突,文化适应的失败也是印尼华人陷入困境的重要根源.民族之间的同化需要不同民族文化之间相互接纳、相互适应、相互认同.因此,同化也就是一个不同民族文化之间不断冲突、不断整合的漫长过程.