民事诉讼中利用真实印文伪造证据的系统鉴定

本文以四个案件为例,阐述了民事诉讼中利用真 实印文伪造证据的特点,如何对此类案件进行鉴定以及鉴 定时应注意的问题,最后提出了三点建议。     

人性：西方法治思想之源及评析

西方法治的创设基点是:人性本恶,法治也就因人性恶而产生;性恶论是西方法治主义的根基,是西方法治思想的逻辑起点,同时也是分权制衡制度设计的基石。西方法律制度的构建是在人性恶的基本假设中推导而出的;西方法治发展和制度文明从此展开。     

关于妇女现状与问题的思考

妇女问题是社会问题.因为历史和现实的诸多原因,我国目前还存在着大量妇女问题,解决这些问题是一项长期的社会系统工程,需要全社会的广泛参与和通力协作.     

论刑事被害人理论体系

刑事被害人作为犯罪行为系统中的重要一极 ,是整个刑事法学所共同关注的理论课题。因此 ,刑事被害人理论是一个体系化的理论结构。刑事被害人理论的体系结构 ,应当以犯罪被害人学为前锋 ,以刑法学和刑事诉讼法学为主体 ,以刑事执行法学为补充。当前 ,我国的刑事被害人理论虽然有了一定的发展 ,但由于刑法学和刑事执行法学对刑事被害人缺乏应有的关注 ,我国的刑事被害人理论体系因此尚难以形成     

试论刑事证据开示的制度前提和环境优化

刑事证据开示制度作为英美(当事人主义)法系证据制度的重要组成部分,其生成和存在都有特定的制度前提和运作环境.在我国,要想成功移植该项制度,必须坚持抗辩式的改革方向,促进证据开示制度的环境优化,其意义将比单纯设立一个证据开示制度更加深远.     

Can electronic monitoring reduce crime for moderate to high-risk offenders?

Electronic monitoring (EM) of offenders has been in use for just over two decades and motives for using it remain diverse. Some agencies that use EM attempt to deliver humane and affordable sanctions while others seek to relieve jail crowding or to avoid the construction of new jails. Nonetheless, all EM programs aim to suppress the criminal behavior of offenders being monitored and its advocates have always hoped EM could be instrumental in reducing long-term recidivism. This review investigates the history of EM and the extent to which EM empirically affects criminal behavior in moderate to high-risk populations. All available recidivism studies that included at least one comparison group between the first impact study in 1986 and 2002 were considered for the review. Although variants such as GPS tracking and continuous testing for alcohol in perspiration have recently emerged, no studies of these technologies were found that met the review’s inclusion criteria. Studies are examined and combined for meta-analysis where appropriate. Given its continued and widespread use and the dearth of reliable information about its effects, the authors conclude that applications of EM as a tool for reducing crime are not supported by existing data. Properly controlled experiments would be required to draw stronger conclusions about the effects of EM.     

The influence of prisons on inmate misconduct: A multilevel investigation

This article presents the results of multilevel analyses of prisoners' misconduct for the population of over 120,000 federal prisoners incarcerated in June 2001. Prior research has focused on individual-level explanations of inmate misconduct, but this study explicitly examines whether prisons vary in their influence on such misconduct. The study demonstrates that model specification makes a difference in our understanding of which variables are related to misconduct, that the type of misconduct is important for understanding the effects of covariates of misconduct, and that results of multilevel models can easily be used to compare the performance of prisons.     

Situational factors and police use of force across micro-time intervals: A video systematic social observation and panel regression analysis

The current study analyzes police use of force as a series of time-bound transactions between officers, civilians, and bystanders. The research begins with a systematic social observation of use-of-force events recorded on police body-worn cameras in Newark, New Jersey. Researchers measure the occurrence and time stamps for numerous participant physical and verbal behaviors. Data are converted into a longitudinal panel format measuring all observed behaviors in 5-second intervals. Panel logistic regression models estimate the effect of each behavior on use of force in immediate and subsequent temporal periods. Findings indicate certain variables influence use of force at a distinct point in time, whereas others exert influence on use of force across multiple time periods. The most influential variables relate to authority maintenance theoretical constructs. This finding supports prior perspectives arguing that police use of force largely results from officer attempts to maintain constant authority over civilians during face-to-face encounters. Nonetheless, a range of additional variables reflecting procedural justice, civilian resistance, and bystander presence significantly affect when police use force during civilian encounters. Results provide nuance to theoretical frameworks considering use of force as resulting from the interplay between officer and civilian actions and reactions.     

关于物流业政策环境和体制环境的几点思考

物流业是国民经济发展的动脉和基础产业。近年来,我国物流业的发展取得了一定的成就,但和西方发达国家相比还存在很大差距。究其原因,我国的政策环境和体制环境在很大程度上限制了物流业的高速发展。因此,分析原因,提出改善政策环境和体制环境的建议是很有理论和现实意义的。     

论地方政府经济行为失范的体制性原因

与微观经济主体一样,地方政府作为谋取自身利益最大化的“经济人”,其行为同样要受“给定条件”的制约。地方政府行为失范与否,关键不在于其动机好坏,而在于具有普适价值的政绩评价体制是否合理、有效。现行的有缺陷的体制是导致地方政府经济行为失范的根源。