中国“吏治”的困境及其应对之道——试从公共权力的异化及对其有效制约角度分析

"吏治"是一个古老而又严肃的话题,封建社会的"吏治"是天子驾驭群臣,安抚皇家"江山社稷"以维护皇权统治的重要内容,也是后世史学家评判历代"明君"和"贤臣"治理绩效的重要方面。在社会转型、经济转轨和建设有中国特色社会主义的今天,"吏治"腐败问题影响着国家政治、经济、社会的稳定和发展以及公民生活的各个方面,党和政府"立党为公、执政为民"的公信力面临严重挑战和威胁,如何走出"吏治"困境,突破"吏治"瓶颈显得尤为重要和紧迫。"吏治"腐败实际上是公共行政伦理失范而产生的公共权力私用的异化行为。从公共权力的异化和制约角度分析探讨,对认识和应对中国"吏治"的困境问题意义重大。     

美国2009年《个人消费者金融保护署法案》及其对我国金融监管法制的启示

为应对金融危机,保护金融消费者利益,加强对金融机构的监管,预防金融系统性风险的发生,奥巴马政府酝酿对美国金融监管体系进行彻底改革,其改革方案的核心就是设立个人消费者金融保护署。对于金融监管法律存在诸多缺陷、金融消费者权利保障不到位以及没有构建应对系统性风险的我国金融法律制度来说,美国2009年《个人消费者金融保护署法案》在金融消费者权利保护及存在系统性风险金融产品及服务监管方面是一个可以借鉴的“他山之石”。     

担保物权的物权属性解读——与孟勤国教授商榷

判断担保物权属不属于物权,关键在于考察担保物权人能否对物进行直接支配。从国外担保物权制度的发展动向和我国现实经济生活的需要来看,抵押权人对抵押物的支配范围、支配能力有逐渐扩张的趋势,特定情况下会对抵押物的实体进行全面的、事实上的控制和支配。就抵押权人对抵押物价值的法律上的支配而言,在抵押权实现之前,即使抵押人转让抵押物,抵押权人仍然没有丧失对抵押物价值的直接支配,而在抵押权的实现过程中,抵押权人对抵押物价值的直接支配性表现得更为明显。担保物权具备了物权的核心法律特征,将其纳入《中华人民共和国物权法》并无不妥之处。     

A systematic review of effective therapeutic interventions and management strategies for challenging behaviour in women in forensic mental health settings

Women in secure forensic mental health care require therapy and care that is responsive to their specific needs. Despite the policy recognition that women require a distinct service, evidence based practice is not available for this population. This review was undertaken in response to a clinical need within a medium secure unit in Glasgow that was experiencing high levels of challenging behaviour, in a female ward. The review aimed to identify effective strategies or interventions for the management of challenging behaviour in women in secure services and, therefore, improve practice and patient care. A synthesis of the findings from the 11 identified studies revealed variability in the approaches used to support women in forensic services, including: behavioural programmes; organisational change with a focus on staff training and support; medication; ECT and mechanical restraint. The challenging behaviours assessed included self-harm; physical and verbal aggression; suicide attempts and arson/fire setting. The majority of articles suggested some improvement in aspects of challenging behaviour, however this was limited by the lack of control groups and small sample sizes. Further investigation is required to find out whether interventions identified in this review can sustain a reduction in challenging behaviours in the long-term.     

论作为新型治理工具的信用规制

在信息时代,我国将信用规制作为新型治理工具是两个方面的力量相互作用的结果.一方面,它以社会信用文化、法治思维和信息治理经验为基础动力;另一方面,它以扩展政府的治理边界、创新政府治理工具、提升政府的治理能力为基本动力.由于信用规制具有规制对象的广泛性、规制过程的系统性、规制取向的多维性和规制影响的持续性等,而且"黑名单"...     

穴位埋线疗法治疗支气管哮喘的系统评价

目的 评价穴位埋线疗法治疗哮喘的临床疗效。方法 根据Cochrane系统评价方法,全面收集穴位埋线治疗哮喘的随机对照试验,运用RevMan 5.20版进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入15篇研究,纳入病例1 579例。Meta分析显示：穴位埋线与西药、针刺比较在总有效率、第一秒用力呼气量、喘息等方面可能具有优势。结论 现有证据显示穴位埋线治疗哮喘与其他疗法比较在疗效、改善预后方面有一定优势,但还需要高质量的随机对照试验进一步证实。     

论女性学的学科系统性与专业性

以习近平总书记在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的讲话精神为指导，具体描述我国女性学学科系统性与专业性的丰富内涵，深入分析发展中的我国女性学保持学科系统性与专业性的重要意义、存在的问题及其主要原因，并对如何更好地彰显本学科的系统性和专业性特点展开对策思考，具有重要的理论和实践价值。     

Generating and using evidence to guide public policy and practice: Lessons from the Campbell Test-bed Project

This paper offers lessons from a three-year Test-bed project that tested systematic review practices developed by the Campbell Collaboration and the Cochrane Collaboration. Under the Test-bed project 14 systematic reviews were completed of interventions in crime prevention, social welfare, and education. (References to the products of these test-bed reviews are included in the reference list, preceded by an asterisk). Building on this experience, the authors recommend structuring future reviews around well-defined review topics more explicitly focused on particular interventions, and constraining literature search to evaluations of relevant interventions. Reviewers should analyze and report findings from RCTs separately from non-RCT studies and report on impact estimates in natural units, instead of relying solely on effect size metrics. Further, reviewers should report intent-to-treat estimates as the causally valid outcomes from RCTs. Analyses of impacts for treated sub-groups should be reported as non-experimental findings. More attention should be given to the minimum detectable effect a study can support, as well as any information on the possible costs and benefits of the intervention. Pooling results from studies of disparate interventions, populations, and contexts is not recommended. Meta-analysis should be reserved for homogeneous clusters of interventions studies. Forest plots are helpful for presenting study findings and confidence limits. However, simple bar charts preserve important information on the base levels for the outcomes. Finally reviewers should define a priori the minimum data set or required elements that allow study inclusion, and use this information systematically in making decisions about what evidence to admit into the review.     

When is a bologna sandwich better than sex? A defense of small-n case study evaluations

This paper discusses the value of quasi-experiments with small numbers of cases - small-n case studies. It argues that these evaluations of crime prevention have value. The first part of the paper shows that small-n evaluations are practical methods for producing information and that discarding this information reduces our ability to learn what works in crime prevention. The solution is to examine small-n evaluations in systematic reviews. In the second part this paper shows that more rigorous evaluations can sacrifice generalizability to gain internal validity and that this, too, reduces our ability to learn. The solution is to create a mixed portfolio of intrusive, less-intrusive, and non-intrusive evaluations. In the third part this paper shows why inference processes that make use of theory should replace naïve inductionism. One implication of this is that ignoring theory also discards evidence. Another implication is that taking theory into account when we review program effectiveness allows us to better use small-n evaluations when we generalize. In the final part, this paper gives three recommendations for making use of small-n evaluations: adopt case study procedures developed in political science, improve the value of process evaluations, and improve crime theories.     

中德失业状况比较与工会工作的思考

从德国的社会经济实际状况考察 ,失业率居高不下的主要根源是经济的持续低速增长以及劳动力市场运行中的制度性障碍。中国当前正处于加速经济结构调整时期 ,失业率呈上升趋势 ,这既是传统的计划经济体制造成富余劳动力累积并延后释放的结果 ,也是中国历史上的人口高速增长和过高的劳动力参与率所导致的结果。通过比较分析 ,德国劳动力市场运行中采取的一些具体作法及其产生的负面效应应引起我们的高度重视。工会面对劳动就业的严峻局势 ,应吸取德国的经验和教训 ,在参与劳动力市场的培育和完善过程中 ,特别要着眼于维护职工的长远利益。