“光芒”还是“阴霾”:聚焦科技证据与《刑事诉讼法》修改

《刑事诉讼法修正案(草案)》将技术侦查纳入刑事诉讼法、明确电子数据的法律地位、规范录音录像及其视频资料、将鉴定结论修改为鉴定意见等内容,引起了社会各界的高度关注。科技证据在我国刑事诉讼中的广泛运用,有利于我国革除传统口供主义的弊端,促进正当法律程序改革,但同时也带来了人权保障方面的诸多难题。在将来的修正案中,有必要依据证明力上的关联性、证据能力上的容忍性等积极完善科技证据的收集、审查和质证机制,强化刑事司法机关的科技配置。     

交通事故中车辆安全技术状况检验及典型案例车速计算

目的 针对导致交通事故的各种原因就车辆因素进行了较详细的分析.方法 对进行车辆技术状况检验的着手方面、要点做了相关分析并结合相关实例进行举例分析,对造成事故中的关键因素车速的计算及计算方法做了简要讨论.结果 总结了进行整车配置、制动系统、转向系统、汽车灯光与信号系统与轮胎检验时需注意的要点.根据车速计算方法,得出一起追尾事故中某货车在事发时未达到高速公路最低限速的鉴定结论.结论 进行车辆安全技术状况检验时,需注意相关要点,以尽量避免道路交通事故的发生.     

简论反腐技术侦查程序制衡机制构建

当前,中国腐败现象较为严重,职务犯罪处于高发态势,犯罪手段不断升级,证据获取困难重重,这与检察机关缺乏有效地技术侦查措施有内在联系。可借鉴其他国家的做法,赋予检察机关职务犯罪技术侦查权,并严格规定其适用范围、审批程序、执行程序和救济程序。相关程序的合理建构,有利于有效收集诉讼证据,落实刑事程序法治,顺应科技强检趋势,对接国际公约。     

论香港与内地法院间对判决的相互承认及执行

在香港回归以前,由于国内判决只享有"外国判决"的地位,因此在香港只能按照普通程序执行。香港回归以后,根据《外地判决(交互强制执行)条例》所订登记制度的规定,却不能适用于内地判决。基于此,讨论了在大陆和香港两套法律体制并存的情况下,怎样承认及执行双方的民事判决,以及由此所遇到的困难和产生的问题。深入研究了最高人民法院的《关于内地与香港特别行政区法院相互委托送达民商事司法文书的安排》以及最高人民法院与香港律政司签署的《关于内地与香港特别行政区相互执行仲裁裁决的安排》两份文件,并通过与其他国家处理国内区际司法协助的做法以及香港回归以前所适用的国际条款作比较,推导和分析了回归后国内与香港特区之间在司法协助问题上所应遵循的一般原则。     

略论毛泽东的对外开放思想及实践

早在新民主主义革命时期,毛泽东就有着丰富的＂利用外资＂的对外开放思想。新中国成立后,毛泽东的这一思想得到进一步发展并付诸了实践。因此,自新中国成立以来至改革开放前的20多年里,中国并非完全是＂关起门来搞建设＂,而是有过多次对外经济技术引进。毛泽东的对外开放思想,无疑为改革开放时期中国对外开放方针政策的制定起了一定的作用。     

论美国律师帮助不力制度——兼议我国律师帮助不力制度的构建

律师的有效帮助应当是律师帮助权的应有之义,然而事实却是获得律师并不等于获得了律师的有效帮助。借鉴美国律师帮助不力制度建立我国的律师帮助不力制度,对于完善我国的辩护制度具有重大意义。     

Examining Interobserver Reliability of Metric and Morphoscopic Characteristics of the Mandible

Mandibular metric and morphological characteristics have long been used for sex and ancestry estimation. Currently, there are no large‐scale studies examining interobserver agreement, particularly examining the role of observer experience. This study examines the interobserver agreement of six morphoscopic and eleven metric mandibular variables. Four observers with varied levels of experience scored 183 mandibles from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. Absolute agreement and consistency were evaluated with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Additionally, technical error of measurement (TEM) and relative TEM (%TEM) were calculated for each metric variable. All analyses were conducted twice—once with all observers and again with only experienced observers. Results show mean morphoscopic agreement of 0.543 among all observers and 0.615 for experienced observers, and mean metric agreement of 0.886 among all observers and 0.911 for experienced observers. Further, no TEM exceeded 2 mm. All results were significant (p < 0.001).     

中国内地与香港文物犯罪比较研究

中国内地与香港体制不同,法律各异,关于文物犯罪的规定也不尽相同。文章从立法体例、犯罪构成、犯罪类型、刑罚适用、缔约情况等方面对二者进行比较研究,在文本分析与实际考量相结合的基础上,为两地打击和遏制文物犯罪提供观照与借鉴。     

和谐社会环境下刑事被害人人权保障的新思路——以刑事被害人救助为视角

建设和谐社会的前提是公平正义。目前,我国由于被害人权利受到限制,刑事附带民事诉讼判决往往得不到执行,这与人权保障和司法的实质公正相去甚远。在和谐社会的环境下,探讨刑事被害人国家救助制度,是维护社会公平正义,建设社会主义法治社会的需要。     

The influence of alcohol content variation in UK packaged beers on the uncertainty of calculations using the Widmark equation

It is common for forensic practitioners to calculate an individual's likely blood alcohol concentration following the consumption of alcoholic beverage(s) for legal purposes, such as in driving under the influence (DUI) cases. It is important in these cases to be able to give the uncertainty of measurement on any calculated result, for this reason uncertainty data for the variables used for any calculation are required. In order to determine the uncertainty associated with the alcohol concentration of beer in the UK the alcohol concentration (%v/v) of 218 packaged beers (112 with an alcohol concentration of ≤5.5%v/v and 106 with an alcohol concentration of >5.5%v/v) were tested using an industry standard near infra-red (NIR) analyser. The range of labelled beer alcohol by volume (ABV's) tested was 3.4%v/v – 14%v/v. The beers were obtained from a range of outlets throughout the UK over a period of 12?months. The root mean square error (RMSE) was found to be ±0.43%v/v (beers with declared %ABV of ≤5.5%v/v) and ±0.53%v/v (beers with declared %ABV of >5.5%v/v) the RMSE for all beers was ±0.48%v/v. The standard deviation from the declared %ABV is larger than those previously utilised for uncertainty calculations and illustrates the importance of appropriate experimental data for use in the determination of uncertainty in forensic calculations.