China's Plans for a Safe Internet

正THIS year marks the 20th anniversary of China’s connection with the Internet.Originally a tool for finding information,the Internet has now changed every aspect of daily life,through e-commerce,network gaming,and social media.Along with the ubiquity of Internet connections comes the problems of information security.According to the Internet Society of China,Internet crimes,including attacks on websites,identity theft and disinformation,inflicted to-     

着力科技创新,发展现代农业

该文以芜湖市为例,阐述了芜湖市农业产业和农业科技发展现状,分析了存在的问题和困难,提出依靠科技创新支撑现代农业发展的路径和措施。     

Knowledge generation,political action and African development: A polycentric approach

ABSTRACT

Knowledge generated to meet societal needs is the bedrock of development. Africa's development crisis is marked by the persistent gap between the application of intellectual rigours and political action. Despite abundant development potential (human and natural resources, and scientific knowledge), coupled with reform declarations and commitments by African leaders over the past four decades, development remains illusory. This article examines the relationship between key development players (African public officials and African scholars), and how generated knowledge is applied to respond to the needs of African citizens. Using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework (otherwise known as new institutionalism) this article examines weaknesses in the interaction of knowledge, political action and development, while at a local level African citizens, through shared strategies and problem-solving interdependency, are effectively transforming indigenous knowledge inherited from their parents to confront daily challenges. The article suggests ways of bridging the gap between development players by proposing an African Development Institutional Mechanism (ADIM) aimed at enabling key development players to operate in synergy.     

网络技术与伦理道德

随着网络技术的发展,由网络构成的一种全新的人类社会组织和生存模式——"虚拟社会"悄然出现。但由此出现的伦理道德问题也使得网络伦理的建构益显迫切与重要。促进网络健康有序发展,建立网络伦理型社会,是值得研究的课题。     

中俄科技合作中知识产权归属问题

科技合作中的知识产权归属是指合作成果及其产生的知识产权权益在合作方之间的分配。由于中俄两国知识产权归属制度的差异,中俄科技合作双方如果在合作协议中对此规定不明确,往往会产生知识产权归属争议。我国十分重视国际科技合作中的知识产权归属问题,一方面通过与俄罗斯谈判签订科技合作协定,提出处理两国科技合作中知识产权归属问题的基本原则与方法,同时制定相关法律、法规及示范法指导国际科技合作活动,从而形成了我国解决国际科技合作中知识产权归属问题的制度框架。     

科技创新：促进我国经济跨越式发展的重要引擎

建国六十周年以来,党和政府大力推进科技事业,强调科学技术是第一生产力。我国的科技事业得到迅速发展,科技创新成为经济跨越式发展的重要引擎。回顾科技事业的发展历程,将有助于我们进一步增强自主创新能力,依靠科学进步和技术创新,转变经济发展方式,优化产业结构,提高综合国力,确保我国经济社会沿着可持续发展道路前进。     

Industrial requiem: management,labor, and investment at the Lowell Machine Shop

In the 1890s, a desire for greater control of shop floor work induced Lowell Machine Shop management to mechanize components of the machine tool manufacturing process. This effort resulted in the removal of the firm’s skilled workers, who were an experienced source of ingenuity and, as others have shown, a community that diffused technical knowledge between firms. At the same time, the firm began paying larger dividends to shareholders instead of investing in the research and development of new products. These decisions damaged the firm, and shortly after the turn of the century, manufacturing operations at the Lowell plant ceased. Because in this period the Lowell Machine Shop was one of the most important capital goods firms in the United States, both in terms of national market share and reputation, this case raises questions about the degree to which specialty producers retained skilled workers and paid dividends.     

Great Plains harvest: evolution of the US public employment service,transnational labor,and nonimmigrant visas

Government H-2A visa data and employer surveys show that Great Plains custom harvesting operations now rely on the US public employment service (PES) and private labor agencies to hire transnational labor. Wheat harvest labor problems and private labor bureau abuses during the Progressive Era were a driving force in the formation and development of the local, state, and federal PES agencies that are now used to secure foreign workers. The PES addressed harvest labor problems from the late nineteenth century until the 1930s when mechanization and drought sufficiently reduced labor demand. The PES became active in the wheat harvest again during WW II and into the 1950s until mobile custom combining crews eliminated the need for the federal government’s involvement. Beginning in the 1990s, domestic labor scarcity caused custom harvesting employers to hire foreign labor through the H-2A and J-1 visa programs. The PES is part and parcel of the H-2A visa program, but unlike most agricultural employers that use H-2A labor, foreign workers in custom harvesting are from South Africa, New Zealand, Australia, and numerous European and other countries rather than Latin America. Transnational custom harvesting employees that use H-2A visas occupy a niche within the program and thereby maintain Great Plains harvesting’s unique place in the labor market. This article traces the concurrent evolution of Great Plains harvesting and the PES from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1950s and examines the role of the PES and private labor agencies in today’s global labor market.     

论气象预报不具有知识产权属性——气象部门利益膨胀有损公众利益

随着社会经济的发展,气象预报的市场价值越来越突出.中国气象局《气象预报发布与刊播管理办法》规定,气象预报属于气象科技成果,制作和发布单位对其享有所有权,并受有关法律、法规保护.但是,目前我国法律对于气象预报是否具有知识产权的法律属性并没有任何规定,气象预报的权利归属问题一直存在争议.在分析气象预报的性质的基础上,认为气象预报是一种公共信息,应当及时、广泛、深入、无偿地传播给大众.气象预报不属于包括气象部门在内的任何部门或个人私有,不具有知识产权和其他私权属性.为了保证气象预报的准确和安全,国家赋予了气象部门垄断发布气象预报的权利,但是没有赋予其垄断传播气象预报的权利.在气象预报的传播环节,无需气象部门的许可或者同意,任何客观且适当的传播行为均不构成对于气象部门的侵权,不应当受到气象部门的限制,特别是不应受到气象行政处罚.尽管《气象法》规定的有关媒体在传播过程中获取的收益应当提取一部分支持气象事业的发展,但气象预报付费与其是否具有知识产权的属性属于两个独立的截然不同的法律关系.主张气象预报的私权利是气象部门利益膨胀的体现.     

The Influence of Subsidiary Directors from Headquarters and Equity Incentives on Technological Innovation from the Perspective of Subsidiary Board

To find out whether the purpose of subsidiary board is only to satisfy the local legal requirements, this article, based on the relevant data of listed firms in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange in China, through empirical study, tries to show that: subsidiary directors belonging to enterprise group have a positive impact on innovation; directors' equity holdings have an inverted U-shaped impact on innovation; directors from enterprise group and director shareholding cooperative stimulate the innovation ability of subsidiaries. The impact of subsidiary board on innovation is through the intermediary effect of R&D. Our paper tests the impact of subsidiary board on innovation, and gives some suggestions on how the formation of a reasonable structure of subsidiary board.