刑事案件赃款追缴若干问题探讨

我国刑事追缴制度具有自身特点,善意取得是刑事追赃的法律阻却。权衡刑事追赃与民事善意取得法理利益,分析善意取得制度内在价值与机理,赃款归还个人欠款应当不适用善意取得。根据对货币法律属性的进一步探讨,货币适用善意取得还得依赖相应的法律规范与交易行为。     

犯罪心理痕迹分析在系列杀人案件侦查中的运用

系列杀人案件是容易引起社会恐慌并导致人民群众缺乏安全感的恶性案件。此类案件的及时侦破,能稳定人民群众情绪,加强经济转型期的社会稳定。在系列杀人案件中,犯罪行为人的一些心理活动会以现场物质痕迹为载体,通过犯罪行为直接或间接地反映在犯罪现场。因此,运用犯罪心理痕迹分析就可以刻画出犯罪行为人的心理特征和行为特征。在其侦查过程中,犯罪心理痕迹分析可以在个案分析、串并案件、总体分析三方面进行运用,每个方面的运用中都有其各自分析的内容,依据分析的结果可以帮助侦查人员分析案情、确定侦查方向、推断犯罪行为人,使系列杀人案件及时侦破。     

Stubs Versus Swabs? A Comparison of Gunshot Residue Collection Techniques

Abstract: The collection efficiency of two widely used gunshot residue (GSR) collection techniques—carbon‐coated adhesive stubs and alcohol swabs—has been compared by counting the number of characteristic GSR particles collected from the firing hand of a shooter after firing one round. Samples were analyzed with both scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐rays by an experienced GSR analyst, and the number of particles on each sample containing Pb, Ba, and Sb counted. The adhesive stubs showed a greater collection efficiency as all 24 samples gave positive results for GSR particles whereas the swabs gave only positive results for half of the 24 samples. Results showed a statistically significant collection efficiency for the stub collection method and likely reasons for this are considered.     

患者死亡医疗纠纷司法鉴定24例分析

目的探讨涉及患者死亡医疗纠纷的过错成因,分析其司法鉴定的切入点。方法收集了涉及患者死亡且多次鉴定的医疗纠纷案例24例,从一般情况、科室分布、责任程度划分以及差错分析等方面进行了总结和分析。结果此类案例在技术方面存在患者自身疾病隐匿、接诊部门处理过程简单、科室之间配合不力、紧急情况下措施不果断等问题。此外,告知义务的履行、转诊时机把握以及常备抢救设施的维护等管理方面漏洞也是医疗纠纷的多发环节。结论本文可为进行此类医疗纠纷的司法鉴定提供帮助,也为避免纠纷的发生提供参考。     

美国死刑案件有罪答辩自愿性探微

在美国,享有不被强迫自证其罪的权利是保障被告人认罪自愿性的基础。在死刑案件中,被告人作有罪答辩时得到了有效而合格的律师帮助、具有与其律师交流的能力、在知晓指控的性质和答辩有罪的后果是被告人自愿认罪的标志,选择陪审团审判而可能被判处死刑并不是强迫被告人认罪的必然因素。     

论民间规则与事实认定

从本质上讲,民间规则是民间现实生活的规范性表达,是民间真实生活的浓缩,是民间社会据以判断是非的行为标准。故此,依据民间规则的内容,可以把民间规则分为事实判断型民间规则、事实判断和价值判断混合型民间规则以及价值判断型民间规则。与此同时,案件的事实也可分为作为适用法律的前提的事实与作为判断是非标准的事实。由此,在司法过程中,事实判断型民间规则与事实判断和价值判断混合型民间规则对于事实认定才具有意义,而价值判断型民间规则却没有此一功能。     

刑事诉讼法学教学方法探索

刑事诉讼法学是一门理论性和应用性都很强的法学学科,在教学过程中应注意理论教学和实践教学并重,既要重视法学基本理论知识的讲授,也要重视学生分析问题、解决问题能力的培养和训练。刑事诉讼法教学应根据不同的教学内容采用启发式教学、讨论式教学、案例教学、影视资料教学等不同的教学方法,以达到良好的教学效果。     

A city-level analysis of property crime clearance rates

Theft, burglary, and vehicle theft are among the most frequently committed and least commonly cleared Part I offenses in the United States, but have received disproportionately little attention in the clearance literature. This study contributes to recent efforts to remedy this shortage by presenting offense-specific analyses of burglary, larceny, and vehicle theft clearance rates in a sample of 110 large US cities. Data were gathered from the Uniform Crime Report, the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey, and the American Community Survey. Independent variables comprised social disorganization measures (e.g. residential instability, poverty, etc.) and policing variables, including the use of broken windows policing. Although broken windows policing is related to higher clearance rates in a few prior studies, that effect was not observed in the present work. Racial diversity and police spending per capita (which were negatively associated with clearance rates) were the only variables that were significantly associated with the clearance of all three crimes.     

浅谈再审民事案件改判的原则

我国《民事诉讼法》虽然规定了再审程序 ,但并没有对再审立案的标准和再审改判的原则做出明确的规定。将“确有错误”作为再审改判的原则不严谨。要确立科学合理的再审民事案件改判原则首先要纠正“实事求是 ,有错必纠”这一不符合民事审判规律的指导思想 ,树立程序公正、实体合理的观念 ,其次要正确处理维持法院终审裁判的权威性、稳定性与纠正有错误的裁判之间的关系 ,再次要尊重和维护原审法官的自由裁量权。     

当前涉爆案件和涉爆事故的原因及对策

涉爆案件和事故的表现形式一是非法藏匿 ,二是销赃牟利 ,三是行凶报复 ,四是非法交易 ,五是违规操作。其原因在于危爆物品管理机制不够健全 ,措施难以落实。分析其成因及危害 ,探究其预防遏制的方法已成为当前的一个重大课题。