The consequences of respondent attrition in panel studies: A simulation based on the Rochester youth development study

Subject attrition is a potentially serious threat to the validity of inferences drawn from panel studies of delinquency and drug use. Prior assessments of this issue produce somewhat conflicting results, with some finding that respondents who leave the panel have higher rates of delinquency and drug use than those who remain, while other studies report little or no differential attrition. Despite these findings, there has been virtually no examination of the extent to which respondent attrition can bias substantive findings in panel studies of delinquency and drug use. The present article addresses this issue by simulating higher levels of attrition in an ongoing panel study that has a low rate of attrition and little differential attrition. It finds that failure to include more elusive respondents (those who are more mobile) would bias estimates of prevalence and frequency of delinquency and drug use as well as results from basic regression analyses. Failure to include less cooperative respondents (those who require more contacts) produces similar, but somewhat smaller, differences. The methodological implications of the results are discussed.     

公安院校科研激励博弈分析

公安院校是我国公安科技的主要研究力量。目前公安院校普遍对教师的科研激励不够,缺乏健全的科研管理与制度措施。要运用组织行为学相关理论建立科研激励模型,结合博弈论分析公安院校教师在科研与教学,继续教育和科研项目等选择上的理性行为。     

A Comparison of Chinese and US College Students’ Crime and Crime Control Views

While there is a growing trend to look at criminal justice issues from an international perspective, there has been little literature examining differences in views of crime, criminals, punishment, and treatment between the citizens of the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America. Using data from 524 students at a large university in China and 484 students from a large public university in the USA this study found that, while US respondents were more likely to agree that crime was high in their country, Chinese respondents were more likely to feel that crime was the most serious social problem facing their society. Chinese respondents were more supportive of the death penalty for serious crimes but also were more supportive of rehabilitation of offenders in general. In addition, the study found similarities between students from the two countries in their views. The reasons behind the differences and similarities were explored.

高等学校工商管理科研服务于教学的应用模式研究

本文论证了高等学校工商管理科研必须为教学服务的基本思想,强调教学、科研、生产、服务相结合;建立了工商管理科研服务于教学的基本原则,即服务性原则、需要性原则、应用性原则、创新性原则、科学性原则、可行性原则,并建立了工商管理科研服务于教学的科学而有效的服务渠道,从而建立了教学与科研互动的良性循环系统,即工商管理科研服务于教学的“123”应用模式。同时,构建了高等学校科研服务于教学的“12n”基本范式,即1个服务、2个需要、n条服务渠道的应用模式。     

发展非公有制经济的理论创新

改革开放以后,我国先是从作为公有制经济"有益补充"和"拾遗补缺"的角度,确定发展非公有制经济的必要性;然后从纳入基本经济制度和市场经济重要组成部分的角度,提升非公有制经济的地位和作用;进入新世纪以后,形成了发展非公有制经济的较为系统的理论认识.     

理念与策略--社会工作教育中的教学、研究与社会服务

从通识性大学教育理念的变迁来看,社会工作教育者应树立教学、研究和社会服务并重的观念.在教学环节上,将教学看成一个认识飞跃、研究发展和推动科学进步的过程;在研究方面,注重研究的社会导向,通过"团队"来开展研究活动,并将研究成果带入课堂,丰富教学内容及推动"研究性学习"方式的建立;在社会服务方面,则要通过实习教学和督导活动、行动研究以及直接的社会服务,达到认识社会、参与社会服务发展和推广专业的目标.     

Testing a Theoretical Model of the Relationship Between Impulsivity,Mediating Variables,and Husband Violence

The present study involved a multimethod assessment of impulsivity among 86 men. Using two questionnaires and four performance-based measures of impulsivity, the factor structure of the impulsivity data was examined. Four constructs that theoretically mediate the relationship between impulsivity and husband violence (i.e., substance abuse, anger/hostility, marital dissatisfaction, and psychological abuse) were assessed to examine a mediational model predictive of husband violence. Substance abuse and marital dissatisfaction mediated the relationship between impulsivity and psychological abuse. Psychological abuse mediated the relationship between substance abuse and marital dissatisfaction and husband violence. Although anger/hostility was not a mediator, there were bivariate associations between anger/hostility and impulsivity, psychological abuse, and husband violence. The results of the regression analyses were virtually identical when controlling for the effect of intelligence on the model variables. The implications of the findings for the assessment of impulsivity and for future husband violence research are discussed.     

Prevention science,drug abuse prevention,and Life Skills Training: Comments on the state of the science

There has been tremendous growth in the field of prevention science over the past two decades. The defining features of contemporary prevention science are high quality empirical research using rigorous and well-established scientific methods, careful hyphothesis testing, and the systematic accumulation of knowledge. One area where substantial progress has been made is in our understanding of the etiology and prevention of tobacoo, alcohol, and illicit drug abuse. In this paper, we review the growth in prevention as a scientific enterprise, discuss advances in drug abuse prevention research, and review the effectiveness of one approach to the problem of adolescent drug abuse, the Life Skills Traning (LST) program, and the methodological strengths of the LST evaluation research. In addition, we provide a response to criticism regarding two types of data analysis in evaluation research, and show that these analyses can help address a number of important research questions with implications for theory and practice. First, the analysis of high fidelity subsamples can address research questions about the importance of program implementation fidelity; and second, composite measures of concurrent tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use (i.e., polydrug use) are useful in testing research questions about program effects on more serious levels of drug involvement. With an increasing number of ramdomized controlled trials underway, the field of prevention science is contributing to a new generation of evidence-based approaches and policies that, if widely utilized, offer the potential of reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with a number of major health and social problems.     

How High-Yield Farming Saves Nature

High-yield farming—more agricultural output per acre of farmland—has been a boon to mankind and to nature. If today’s agricultural efficiency was the same as in the 1950s, the world would need three times the cropland to produce today’s food supply. That would mean that 15-16 million mi² of forest would have been destroyed—all the global forest area available today. Rising population and increased affluence will require a tripling of agricultural efficiency in the next 50 years if we are to protect wildlife at the same time. More investment in agricultural research and education will be required, but this is what produced the previous green revolution.

浅析中国公共文化服务理论研究中存在的问题

作为一种新生的理论,中国的公共文化服务理论研究刚刚起步,在当前国内的公共文化服务理论构建中,还存在一些问题,主要表现在:地方性的个案研究较多,系统性的宏观理论研究较少;国内公共文化服务理论的研究水平明显落后于公共文化服务的建设实践;西方成熟文化理论与中国公共文化建设实践的初级阶段存在某种程度的不对称等。面对这些问题,在今后的研究中,应更加注重本土化研究和系统性研究。