古代罗马与古代儒家的抵抗权思想比较

在中国法治建设中需要积极恢复与倡导人权和抵抗权精神,进一步将各项法律中规定的抵抗权(抵制权)落实到位。在此方面,对罗马公法的抵抗权原理与儒家法文化传统的抵抗权精神进行比较研究具有重要的理论价值和现实意义,主要体现为人民主权论与民本民胜论、良心博爱论与自然人权论、道法天刑论与自然法思想、批判暴政与抵抗不义的比较研究。     

雇主不当劳动行为的民事救济——基于我国和美国不当劳动行为救济制度之比较

我国《工会法》第52条规定的责令雇主承担不当劳动行为的民事责任,与美国《国家劳资关系法》第10(c)条的规定看起来很相似,相比之下,这一规范在美国劳动法的实践中很有效,在我国却极少被适用,解释方面也存在较大的分歧。美国是世界上最早创设不当劳动行为救济制度的国家,从《瓦格纳法》规定的雇主不当劳动行为的禁止规范及救济措施,到《塔夫托—哈特莱法》将适用对象扩大到工会和雇员,在雇用自由原则和劳资自治模式的背景下,其演变始终以保护雇员团结权的松紧程度和收放态度为线索。我国《工会法》现正处于第三次修改阶段,适时检讨第52条的解释和适用的障碍,还可以解决其与《劳动合同法》规范的竞合问题。     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

从陕西省榆林市某蛋用种鸡场疑似肾型传染性支气管炎病鸡中分离到了1 株肾型IBV(定名为YL 04),并对分离病毒进行了血凝性、血凝抑制性、致病性、鸡胚矮小化、电镜特征等生物学特性鉴定及S1基因5′端的RT PCR鉴定。结果表明,该分离株经10 g/L胰酶处理后的各代病毒尿囊收集液均可凝集鸡红细胞;标准阳性血清可特异性地抑制其凝集性;可复制出与自然发病相同的病例;病毒传代物有明显的致鸡胚矮小化作用;透射电镜下可见有近似球形、直径100 nm左右的冠状病毒粒子;用RT PCR方法扩增到1 条373 bp的目的片段,其核苷酸序列与IBV CQ/01/2004株序列的同源性达98%。     

略论朝贡制度的虚幻：以古代中国与东南亚的朝贡关系为例

很多东西方学者所认为的中国与东南亚之间长期存在的“朝贡贸易与宗藩关系”,实际上并不具备“朝贡”和“宗藩”的实质。将到中国者统称为朝贡者,基本上是中国统治者以及历代史官、文人的一厢情愿。中国朝廷通常没有也不打算利用这种表面上的、自我安慰式的“朝贡宗藩”关系来干预东南亚地区事务。实行“朝贡体制”数百年的明清两朝,其海外政策基本上是不作为的自我封闭政策,并没有获得对东南亚的实际政治影响力。     

Unaccountable: The Current State of Private Military and Security Companies

Abstract

The current accountability system for private military and security contractors (PMSCs) is woefully inadequate, and mere enhancements in oversight cannot hope to remedy that failing. I contend that once we recognize the kind of accountability required of PMSCs, we will realize that radical changes in the foundational relationship between PMSCs and the state are required. More specifically, in order to be appropriately accountable, members of PMSCs must become a part of or, at the very least, directly responsible to the legitimate authoritative military or police structures, and there must be a clear and precise delineation of responsibility among public officials for holding individual members of PMSCs criminally liable.     

Racial and ethnic disparity in pretrial criminal processing

This study uses data on the processing of felony defendants in large urban courts to analyze racial and ethnic disparities in pretrial processing. There are three major findings. First, racial disparity is most notable during the decision to deny bail and for defendants charged with violent crimes. Second, ethnic disparity is most notable during the decision to grant a non‐financial release and for defendants charged with drug crimes. Third, when there is disparity in the treatment of Black and Latino defendants with similar legal characteristics, Latinos always receive the less beneficial decisions. These findings are consistent with the theoretical perspective offered, which suggests that stereotypes influence criminal processing when their specific content is made salient by either the concerns relevant to a particular processing decision or the crime type of a defendant’s primary charge.     

A Hero’s Welcome? Exploring the Prevalence and Problems of Military Veterans in the Arrestee Population

The potential for veterans to end up in the criminal justice system as a result of physical and psychological problems that may be combat‐related has generated much interest, illustrated most recently by the development of specialized veterans’ courts. However, little is known about how often veterans are arrested and incarcerated, the nature of their problems, or the extent to which their military service has contributed to their criminality. Using interview data from 2,102 arrestees booked in Maricopa County (AZ) during 2009, this paper examines the problems and prior experiences of arrested military veterans and compares veteran and non‐veteran arrestees along a range of measures. Results indicate that veterans comprise 6.3% of the arrestee population, and that more than 50% of veterans report suffering from at least one combat‐related problem including physical injury, post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other mental health problems, and substance abuse. Multivariate analysis indicates that veteran arrestees differ from non‐veterans on a number of key measures, most notably more frequent arrests for violent offenses and greater use of crack cocaine and opiates. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications for the potential link between military service and criminality as well as for criminal justice policy and practice.     

论我国城市建设用地的先征后用原则——以公平和效益为视角

在城乡分割的土地所有权双轨制背景下,我国工业化、城市化的历史进程不应受农民集体土地所有制和集体土地所有权的牵制,国家应垄断城市建设用地使用权的一级市场,独占城市建设用地高额级差地租利益,这才符合社会主义原则,才公平合理。因而在城市规范区内,我国应当继续坚持城市建设用地先征后用的原则。     

论公共行政范式的转换与公平效率观的演进

公共行政学自产生以来,经历了传统公共行政范式、新公共行政范式与新公共管理范式相互分立、新公共行政范式与新公共管理范式相互融合三个阶段,呈现出“合——分——合”的态势。而公平效率观也相应地从单纯的效率至上,分裂为新公共行政学派的从公平角度出发寻求公平效率的统一和新公共管理的从效率角度出发寻求公平效率的统一,而最终两种分裂的公平效率观又在新的实践和理论上相互借鉴和整合,走向融合和统一。     

以人为本的人性论基础浅论

“以人为本”成为我国新的治国理念。它是我国依法治国方略的必然要求,也是三个代表重要思想的应有之义。本文试图从以人为本的人性论基础角度论述以人为本与人性理论的关系,以更好地理解以人为本的内涵。