论司法鉴定人资格认证框架的构建

通过对我国司法鉴定人资格管理中存在的问题分析,在借鉴相关行业管理模式的基础上,以国际标准化组织发布的ISO/IEC17024准则为指导.提出将人员认证与鉴定人职业资格相结合,将资格考试和能力验证作为鉴定人认证的主要评价手段,尝试在现有法律制度和管理模式下构建我国司法鉴定人资格认证的基本框架.     

Gunshot residue in Chicago police vehicles and facilities: an empirical study

Suspects in shooting investigations in Chicago are routinely transported in department vehicles and detained in department facilities prior to gunshot residue (GSR) evidence collection. The GSR test results are used to associate the suspect with primary exposure to GSR. The potential for these vehicles and facilities being sources of secondary GSR contamination needed to be determined. A total of 201 samples were collected from randomly selected vehicles and detention facilities. The sampling collected trace materials from surfaces that suspects' hands may contact during the arrest process. These samples were examined for the presence of GSR particles using scanning electron microscopy. Upon completion of the automated analysis, those particles that met an initial GSR screening criterion were relocated and reanalyzed. The locations where GSR particles were recovered allowed us to make recommendations to the Chicago Police Department with regard to transporting and detaining these suspects. The low number of GSR particles recovered suggests that the potential for secondary contamination, although present, is relatively low.     

1,2,4‐Triazine‐Based Chromogenic Reagents for the Detection of Microtraces of Various Metals Left on Human Skin*

Abstract: This article extends the application of 1,2,4‐triazine‐based chromogenic reagents to the detection of nonferrous metal traces left on contact with canvas and human skin. The possibility of detection of iron traces resulting from contact with objects made of stainless steel was investigated as well. Additionally, the ability of triazines to form chromatic complexes with Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Al³⁺ ions was studied spectrophotometrically. Molar absorption coefficients, ranging from 8.8 to 29.9 × 10³/M/cm, provide high sensitivity of 1,2,4‐triazines toward nonferrous ions, thus, enabling the detection at concentrations as low as a few μM. The method was sensitive enough to detect traces resulting from a 1‐min contact with a stainless steel made object, which is commonly considered as a corrosion‐resistant material. The amounts of metal ions transferred to the skin after a 2‐min contact with objects made of brass, zinc, and copper were sufficient to develop chromatic imprints.     

磁珠DNA自动提取系统在法医检验中的应用

磁珠DNA自动提取系统是将磁珠分离技术与DNA自动提取工作站结合运用,以达到高效提取DNA的目的,它具有操作时间短、准确性高、检材用量少等特点,特别适用于大批量生物检材的快速提取,是目前主流的DNA自动化提取方法。本文对磁珠DNA自动提取系统的基本组成、工作原理、操作流程及其在法医检验领域中的应用等进行了综述,并对该系统的发展前景进行了展望。     

The Ge.F.I. DNA Proficiency Test: Year-one experience

The Ge.F.I. (the Italian Speaking Working Group of ISFG) has launched the first DNA Proficiency Test in 2012. The aim is to increase the external quality controls in forensic genetics in Italy and to drive to the standardizations of methods within the laboratories. Reference and mixed stains typing as well as statistical exercises were proposed and 26 laboratories submitted results.     

《特殊痕迹检验》课程考核模式的改革与实践

考核模式改革是我校＂教学重心转变＂工作中教学模式改革的重点和核心内容之一。本文通过对《特殊痕迹检验》课程考核模式的改革与实践,提出了适应本专业学生教学练战一体化的考核模式。     

实案测试中被测试对象心理状态探析

心理学的研究离不开各种实验,心理测试技术(俗称"测谎"技术)实际上就是心理学实验方法的一种。此项技术在我国的研究应用已经30多年,辅助司法领域进行了大量的实案心理测试①。不仅对陷入侦破困境的案件起到很大作用,也对心理学在实战领域的应用研究提供了一种实验范式。对进行心理测试案件的研究发现,很多的变量都会影响到测试的结果,进而影响测试效度。被测人②的心理状态是其中很重要但是很容易被忽视的因素之一,这是一个非常值得关注研究的领域,不仅关系到心理测试技术的发展,也关系到司法领域人权和司法公正问题。     

Determination of Trace Elemental Concentrations in Document Papers for Forensic Comparison Using Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry

Abstract:  With improvements in manufacturing procedures, comparing physical characteristics of paper samples may not offer sufficient discrimination among different vendors. In this work, the potential to differentiate paper samples based on trace element concentrations was investigated. Paper samples from two different vendors were microwave-digested and trace element concentrations (Mg, Al, Mn, Fe, Sr, Y, Ba, Ce, and Nd) were determined using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry. Differences in concentration were assessed statistically using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's honestly significant differences test. Elemental concentrations were shown to be consistent across a single sheet as well as within a single ream of paper for each vendor. Reams from vendor A were differentiated based on Al and Ba concentration while reams from vendor B were differentiated based on Mg, Mn, and Sr concentrations. Paper was differentiated according to vendor based on significant differences in Ba, Sr, Ce, and Nd concentrations.     

Trace Elemental Analysis of Titanium Dioxide Pigments and Automotive White Paint Fragments for Forensic Examination Using High‐Energy Synchrotron Radiation X‐Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry*

Abstract: High‐energy synchrotron radiation x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (SR‐XRF) utilizing 116 keV x‐rays was used to characterize titanium dioxide pigments (rutile) and automotive white paint fragments for forensic examination. The technique allowed analysis of K lines of 9 trace elements in 18 titanium dioxide pigments (rutile), and 10 trace elements in finish coat layers of seven automotive white paint fragments. High‐field strength elements (HFSE) were found to strongly reflect the origin of the titanium dioxide (TiO₂) pigments, and could be used as effective parameters for discrimination and classification of the pigments and paint fragments. A pairwise comparison of the finish coat layers of seven automotive white paint fragments was performed. The trace elements in the finish coat layers detected by the high‐energy SR‐XRF were especially effective for identification. By introducing the trace element information of primer and electrocoat layers, all the automotive white paint fragments could be discriminated by this technique.