从婚姻历程看中国传统社会中家庭男权的复杂性

本文考察了1949年建国前中国男权家庭中,父权与夫权的交织作用对夫妇权力关系的影响。其基本方法是跳出性别分析方法的局限,将家庭男权制度置于父系继嗣的体系中去研究,从而揭示已婚妇女在代际和夫妻权力关系方面错综复杂、起伏跌宕的婚姻历程。研究发现,在大家庭里,当父权起主导作用时,年轻夫妻均无权力,婆婆受父权的保护,受父权压迫最大的是家中儿媳。在"反哺"阶段,夫权往往用来保证男方的父母老有所养,而非完全满足男方的私利。夫妻之间,妻子通过生育子嗣和参与家庭事务逐步纳入父系体系,增强了丈夫对她们维系父系家庭的依赖性,在一定程度上抑制了夫权对她们的约束。本文展示了至少在中国部分的父系继嗣家庭中,当夫权遇到父权时,性别与代际权力出现多重性,易变性和内争性,从而造成夫权时强时弱,时有时无,既同父权遥相呼应,又与其发生冲突。因此,中国传统男权家庭中妇女的地位在一生中是变动不定的。中国妇女在父系家庭中的地位也只有放置于纵(父权)横(夫权)两个轴心当中,通观她们的全部生活历史才能完全展示出来。     

警察权益保护的现实选择

警察维权是公民维权工作中对应的一个特殊群体,警察权益应包括警察行使权力和警察享受利益两个方面,这两个方面都是法律加以规定和保护的,不容侵犯。但警察维权的现实状况不容乐观,人民警察权益保障缺位有诸多原因;有效保障人民警察的合法权益应从多方面着手。     

中国机械工业由制造大国迈向强国的重大进展

2010年,中国机械工业保持了良好的发展态势,经济运行指标全面达到历史最好水平。＂十一五＂时期,中国机械工业积极应对来自国内外的各种风险和挑战,经济、技术全面快速发展,综合实力大幅提升;经济技术面貌发生了重大变化,＂十一五＂时期是所有十一个五年计划或规划各项指标完成最好的＂五年＂之一,使得中国由机械大国向机械强国快速迈进。主要表现在：总的产销规模、外贸规模居世界前列;拥有一批具有强大国际竞争力的优势企业集团;全面扭转机械工业产品整体国际形象,＂中国制造＂机械产品成为国际一流品牌;科技创新能力达到较高水平,科技工作有了国际话语权。但是还存在自主创新能力明显薄弱、基础发展严重滞后、现代制造服务业发展缓慢、产业发展方式较为粗放等问题,需要继续改革、创新和提高。     

中国服务外包产业发展的现状、问题及对策探讨——基于相关文献的综述分析

近年来,中国服务外包产业持续快速发展的良好势头非常抢眼,从而极大地弥补了该产业在中国起步时间较晚的相对不足.目前,服务外包产业不仅成为中国各类企业更多地参与和更好地角逐全球市场的新舞台与新高地,更成为进一步促动和实现中国经济发展方式新的转变以及产业结构升级转型的一条重要途径.由此,对中国服务外包产业发展进行现状评估、问题分析和对策探讨就成为国内学术界和实务界关注的重点.     

浅谈我国政治体制改革的必要性

自改革开放以来,中国政治体制改革已经取得许多成果,如社会主义基本政治制度的进一步完善,依法治国方略的有效实施,尊重和保障人权写进宪法,"一国两制"的成功实现等等。在社会转型与政府机构改革交织的关键时期,必须继续深化政治体制改革,才能更好地巩固改革成果,从而顺应我国经济和社会发展的需要。     

我国私人参与履行警察任务法制的现状与课题

我国严峻的治安形势与有限的警察力量之间的强烈反差，倒逼出私人力量对警察任务的参与。无论是充满争议的治安承包、辅助警察、拍违有奖和警方线人改革尝试，还是具有明确法律依据的合作戒毒和社区矫正，都真实地反映了转型中国警察任务民营化跌宕起伏的图景。从警察任务民营化改革的时机选择、法制依赖和监督加强上看，私人参与履行警察任务在我国行政法上依旧是一个未竞的前沿课题。     

我国公务员道德建设现状调查

公务员应当是道德的先行者,其德行操守对整个社会的精神文明建设起到至关重要的作用。本调查分析了我国公务员道德建设的现状,并提出了相关建议。建议包括:创新道德知识开发方法,加大政府信息公开力度,将平衡记分卡引入道德评价体系等。     

共同正犯与身份

身份是对犯罪的成立或刑罚的轻重产生影响的个人要素,分为积极身份与消极身份。对于无身份者能否成为真正身份犯的共同正犯,理论上存在肯定说、否定说和折中说。折中说的观点是可取的。对有身份者应从重、从轻、减轻、免除处罚的规定之效力是否及于无身份者,应当根据无身份者是否利用了有身份者的身份进行判断。     

Organized Activity Involvement,Depressive Symptoms,and Social Adjustment in Adolescents: Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Status as Moderators

The current cross-sectional study investigated the links between various dimensions of organized activity involvement and depressive symptoms, loneliness, and peer victimization in an ethnically and economically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 152; 58% female). Results indicate that adolescents who were involved in organized activities for more years also reported lower levels of loneliness. There was evidence of diminishing returns when adolescents were very highly involved in organized activities; those who were either under- or over-involved reported the highest levels of depressive symptoms. Conversely, findings indicate that adolescents who participated in a narrow or wide range of activity contexts reported the lowest levels of depressive symptoms. In addition, results suggested that the relation between organized activity involvement and adjustment differs among adolescents from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Findings from the current study also underscore the importance of considering multiple indices of activity involvement when assessing its association with adjustment.

Adolescents’ Educational Outcomes: Racial and Ethnic Variations in Peer Network Importance

Little attention has been paid to the role of peer social capital in the school context, especially as a predictor of adolescents’ academic outcomes. This study uses a nationally representative (N = 13,738, female = 51%), longitudinal sample and multilevel models to examine how peer networks impact educational achievement and attainment. Results reveal that, in addition to those factors typically associated with academic outcomes (e.g., school composition), two individual-level peer network measures, SES and heterogeneity, had significant effects. Although educational attainment was generally worse in low SES schools, for all ethnic groups higher attainment was associated with attending schools with higher concentrations of minority students. At the individual level, however, membership in integrated peer networks was negatively related to high school graduation for Asians, Latinos, and non-Hispanic whites, and to GPA for Asians and Latinos, as only African-American achievement increased in more racially/ethnically heterogeneous peer networks. Our results suggest that co-ethnic and co-racial peer friendship networks should not be viewed as obstacles to the educational accomplishments of today’s youth. In fact, in many cases the opposite was true, as results generally support the ethnic social capital hypothesis while providing little corroboration for oppositional culture theory. Results also suggest that co-racial and co-ethnic ties may mediate the negative effects of school choice, or more specifically of between-school socioeconomic segregation. Consequently, we conclude that school policies aimed at socioeconomic desegregation are likely to beneficially affect the academic outcomes of all race/ethnic groups.