经济发达地区福利结构差异的政治经济分析——以辽宁、浙江和广东三省为例

1994年中国分税制改革后不同区域的福利水平和福利模式逐渐趋异。例如,辽宁省在财政支出中社会保障类福利支出较高而教育类福利支出较低,浙江省的教育福利类支出较高而社会保障类支出较低,广东省对于这两类福利支出的比例都偏低。福利支出结构的差异源自于这三个省份不同的经济发展模式和政商关系。作为理性行为者的地方官员,为了推进地区GDP(晋升指标)增长和扩大税收,会在福利支出的结构上跟随当地主体类型企业的福利偏好。     

市场经济条件下社会福利的定位、改革与发展探究

在社会、宏观经济结构发生变动的情况下,我国社会福利制度面临结构性调整,目标、性质、功能、内容有待重新定位,“社区福利”、“混合福利”已经显现。作者在文中提出了社会福利层次论,现实的选择应在中观层次推行福利制度建设、实现制度整合,寻求政府行为与市场行为的均衡点,建立“两权分离、管办分开、法人办理、竞争经营”的新福利事业体制。     

Economic Reform and Social Change in China: Past, Present, and Future of the Economic State

China's socioeconomic crisis before 1978 and its success over the past two decades can be viewed as a zigzag process of politicization and depoliticization of the economic state. By summarizing the Chinese experience, this article shows the importance of a specific pattern of general public policy (GPP) in determining the nature of a policy system. China's economic and serialized reforms since 1978 are reviewed in order to illuminate the current situation and future direction of the nation. The changes have undermined the economic state by creating a trend of de-economicization in the Chinese government. If economic reform and social change are to continue smoothly, another transfer of state emphasis to more balanced development is required.     

关于我国公共管理体系建设进程中经济公益诉讼问题的思考

建立健全以公民权利为本位的社会主义民主法制制度是建设公开、公平、公正、透明的公共管理体系的必由之路。随着市场经济的快速发展,与社会公共利益密切相关的经济法纠纷案件日趋复杂,引入经济公益诉讼制度,不仅可以从理论上对社会主义民主法制制度予以完善,而且具有重大的实践意义。本文从经济公益诉讼的启动主体、适案范围、配套保障措施方面提出了关于构建我国经济公益诉讼制度的几点设想。     

The wage share and government job creation in Sweden, 1900–2016

ABSTRACT

This investigation explores the long-run relationship between the wage share in the non-construction private sector and government efforts to create jobs in public services and construction of infrastructure and houses, in Sweden in 1900 to 2016. In the present article, it is argued that the creation of employment with generous wages by the Swedish government has increased the bargaining power of workers outside of these sectors, thus raising the wage share, up to about 1980. Correspondingly, retrenchment from such policy has been detrimental for the wage share in recent decades. This argument is supported by the results of cointegration tests, estimation of long-run and short-run, speed of adjustment, coefficients, as well as by Impulse-response functions. While government consumption is often found to be an important determinant for the wage share, earlier research has neglected the full labor market effect of government job creation associated with an expansion of the welfare state. Sweden is an ideal case for studying the impact of welfare policy on the wage share, since it has been one of the most extensive welfare states and simultaneously has been one of the most egalitarian countries in the world.     

Networks of Reciprocity: Precarity and Community Social Organisations in Rural Myanmar

ABSTRACT

Growing precarity amongst rural households in Myanmar is characterised by increasingly debt-fuelled agriculture, decreasing sufficiency and sustainability of rural livelihoods and an absence of social safety nets. This constrains the capacity for viable livelihoods, as risk-averse coping strategies undermine long-term economic sustainability. In this context, informal support networks may be expected to decline or collapse. However, recent evidence demonstrates the widespread emergence of community-based social organisations in rural communities, formed along traditional principles of reciprocity. Analysis of large-scale rural household surveys demonstrates that such organisations are found in nearly 40% of communities in rural Myanmar. These organisations collect and redistribute funds to help with healthcare, education, funerals and other social needs. The presence of such organisations is linked to higher levels of household resilience, achieved through reducing the inequalities linked to gender, disability and poverty, and through providing enabling environments for effective income diversification. Communities with higher levels of migration are more likely to have community-based social organisations, possibly a result of economic and social remittances. In the absence of effective formalised social protection, these social organisations provide most of the social assistance in rural communities, representing new networks of reciprocity in the face of increasing precarity.     

Caring for the orphan in the Philippines:A Policy-Capacity review

Using synthesis and an integrative approach, the article analyzes laws, policies, and institutions that protect the rights and promote the welfare of orphaned children in the Philippines. The article undertakes an exploratory review of the potential and contemporary impacts of colonialism, imperialism, feudalism, and capitalism on child and youth welfare and describes the conditions and difficulties Filipino children face in the current policy environment. To address these conditions and difficulties, the article offers a synthesis of potential and ongoing policy-capacity solutions in orphan and youth care, such as implementing a strong social supporting structure to grandparents as first caregivers, strengthening a mixed welfare system on orphan care, and legislating a national orphan policy.     

Education for Modernity: The Impact of American Social Science on Alva and Gunnar Myrdal and the “Swedish Model” of School Reform

This paper directs itself to the impact of American social science on the writings of Alva and Gunnar Myrdal on the role of education and social science in modern industrial democracy. After a brief sketch of the Myrdals' role in the development of Swedish welfare reforms and of their intellectual contacts in the United States during the 1930's, the paper outlines four theoretical dilemmas of modernity to the solution of which education and social research was seen to contribute: the relationships between facts and values, the individual and the collective, child rearing and social change, and theory and practice. The paper concludes by tracing the articulation of these themes in the Social Democratic Party school reform proposals of 1948.     

"假日经济"与中国旅游福利计划

2000年,中国成为全球第五大国际旅游接待国,并形成了全球最大的国内旅游市场,正在由旅游大国向旅游强国迈进.其中,为繁荣国内旅游市场立下汗马功劳的"假日旅游",已经发展成为我国"假日经济"的重要表现形式,它的形成和发展,为我国逐步实行"旅游福利计划"创造了市场机遇,开拓了发展空间.