Distributive Justice and Attitudes Toward the Welfare State

Current debates concerning the viability of the welfare state evoke the question of the social bases of support of the welfare state. Past research has documented fairly consistent relationships between sociodemographic characteristics and attitudes toward welfare policies. Yet, the nature of these relationships is not well understood. In the paper we argue that the level of support for the welfare state is largely determined by the principles of distributive justice espoused by individuals as well as their images of society. We develop a theoretical framework, which outlines the structural relationship between social attributes, principles of justice, perceived conflict, and support for the welfare state. Using data from a recent population survey on the legitimation of inequality, conducted in Israel in 1999 (N = 1057), we test a number of hypotheses. For the empirical analysis we use structural equation modeling with multiple indicators. Our findings reveal substantial support for policies aimed at reducing inequality. At the same time we find strong support for rewards according to merit and unequal earnings distribution. The impact of social attributes on attitudes toward the welfare state is partially mediated by the justice principles and images of society.     

我国环境公益诉讼立法存在的问题及其对策——美国判例法的新近发展及其经验借鉴

美国是世界上首创环境公民诉讼制度的国家,其判例对该制度的创新和发展起着非常重要的推动作用。1992年联合国环境与发展大会以来,美国环境公民诉讼判例法在诉讼目的的实现途径、原告的范围、起诉权的要件、法院的受案范围、诉讼的请求、律师参与诉讼的支持机制等技术层面具有一定的发展和变化。相比之下,中国的相关立法则很不发达。发展我国的环境公益诉讼立法,在法律体系方面,不仅应修订《宪法》、《环境保护法》、《民事诉讼法》和《刑事诉讼法》,还应当修订单行环境立法,发挥司法解释的作用;在具体规定方面,要明确规定环境公民诉讼的受案范围、主体要件、前提条件、程序规则、诉讼请求、举证方式和条件,不仅应承认公民的环境权,扩展环境损害的范围,扩大社会团体以及非直接利害关系人行使起诉权的案件范围,还要建立介入诉讼、环境公诉制度及有利于律师参与和代理诉讼的收费标准。     

Christian Wolff on Subsidiarity, the Division of Labor, and Social Welfare

In more than one way Christian Wolff (1679-1754) has provided the grammar for modern social sciences in general, but economics in particular. Next to his path-breaking contributions to philosophy and international law, which are generally recognized, he has also pioneered the social sciences and provided the notions with which modern economics is still largely working. This is important also for modern law and economics research, since Wolff conceived of both law and economics still largely as one discipline and therefore was able to integrate naturally what has today to be integrated conscientiously, and with effort.     

国有老人福利机构市场营销策略

在“社会福利社会化”的背景下，国有老人福利机构竞争意识缺乏，机制僵硬，组织结构机关化，很难适应新的形势。应运用市场营销的理念和方法，采取增长型策略，关注服务对象的需求，改善服务品质，调整组织结构，加强市场调查，制订市场营销计划，促进项目开发，开展多元化服务，从而增强国有老人福利机构的市场竞争力。     

法治主义:当代英国法治理论的多元主张

英国是一个因奉行法治主义而发达的国家 ,其当代法治理论最显著的一个特征是具有多元主张和多样性的价值诉求 ,主要有 :形式主义法治观、福利国家法治观、程序法治观和新理性主义法治观。这些法治主张虽各有其理论侧重 ,但又存在着一致的理论前提和相类似的基本问题指向。     

著作权法之激励理论研究——以经济学、社会福利理论与后现代主义为视角

激励理论是认识著作权法精神的一个重要哲学层面。激励理论可以从经济学层面加以理解。著作权法使用市场的经济酬报来激励新作品的创作和传播,即著作权法通过赋予作者或其他著作权人对被创作出来的作品的专有权,为作者提供市场经济上的回报,这将激励他们创作新的作品。激励理论也可以从社会福利理论和后现代主义的视野认识。     

福利院儿童安全需要的社会建构性研究

福利院儿童的安全需要具有建构性。服务提供者和儿童共同参与着这一建构过程,但由于双方权力地位的不平等,儿童的"声音"被忽视,以致双方对"需要"的理解和服务的期望上存在距离。如何缩小和弥和这种距离,形成一种更为合理的建构是儿童福利院工作的关键所在。     

Social Citizenship,Housing Wealth and the Cost of Social Care: Is the Care Act 2014 ‘Fair'?

This article assesses the extent to which it is ‘fair’ for the government to require owner‐occupiers to draw on the equity accumulated in their home to fund their social care costs. The question is stimulated by the report of the Commission on Funding of Care and Support, Fairer Care Funding (the Dilnot Commission) and the subsequent Care Act 2014. The enquiry is located within the framework of social citizenship and the new social contract. It argues that the individualistic, contractarian approach, exemplified by the Dilnot Commission and reflected in the Act, raises questions when considered from the perspective of intergenerational fairness. We argue that our concerns with the Act could be addressed by inculcating an expectation of drawing on housing wealth to fund older age: a policy of asset‐based welfare.     

儒家道德权利与政治权利要义

作为社会身份和政治资格的人权在儒家“孔仁孟义”的思想体系中被表达为“内圣外王”之道,其在“修齐治平”的实现程序之中又以“公私之辨”和“义利之辨”标志出政治伦理原则和“以德限权”的社会治理特色。儒家以“公权利”揭示人的自然权利,以其公平性和自然性引申为人的道德权利;再以道德权利为基础推演出人的政治权利,而“私权力”则仅为政治权利的异化形式,其极端化的结果就是“以权谋私”,后者因其“侵害公权利”的实质,儒家的人提倡以“道德权利”加以限制,故称为“德治”。儒家的道德权利与政治权利不仅影响了中国社会的思想和制度传统,而且其思想特色通过“为人民服务”、“改革开放”、“三个代表”和“三为”等原则亦被创造性地运用于当代中国共产党人的治国理政事业之中。     

The Conservative Case for Human Rights

This article explores how conservative values and Conservative Party politicians helped to shape the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1948 and the European Convention on Human rights (ECHR) 1950. It provides an overview of the history of conservatism in the UK with a focus on the way that Conservative Party administrations promoted the protection of human rights, including social and economic rights. The author argues that the Conservative Party should continue to play a key role in protecting human rights legislation rather than regarding human rights as a ‘foreign’ imposition from Europe.