我国NGO参与社会福利为何困难重重——体制层面的分析

对于当今中国公众而言,NGO一词并不陌生。改革开放以来的三十余年中,我国各类NGO活跃在社会福利、公共服务、慈善事业等领域,成为社会福利社会化过程中的重要参与主体,也成了社会公众和媒体关注的焦点。然而,同国外相比,我国的NGO发展尚不成熟,其赖以生存制度环境依旧不稳定。我国NGO管理体制上的瓶颈在很大程度上限制了我国NGO的进一步发展。主要从体制层面分析我国NGO参与社会福利过程中的阻力,并寻求解决途径。     

从非营利组织看事业单位的改革

中国在推进事业单位改革的过程中开始提出和使用非营利组织的概念,正确看待非营利组织现状和在中国公益事业中的作用,让事业单位和民间非营利组织平等发展,甚至相互竞争来促进事业单位提高服务意识和服务质量。使公益性,非营利性得到真正体现,并让改革的成果惠及全体人民。     

公益征收初探

征收和征用是现代法学上的两个重要概念 ,我国现行法制混淆了二者的区别。公益征收合法性的基础在于 ,征收的公益目的性和公正补偿性。我国应建立完善的公益征收制度 ,明确公共利益的范围和界限 ,并规定补偿的原则和基本标准。     

Unheard Voices: Why Former Child Welfare Workers Left Their Positions

This mixed methods study used a snowball sample (n = 54) to capture retrospective insight from former public child welfare workers about job satisfaction and reasons they left their positions. Responses to open-ended questions suggested a theme of lack of organizational support as the primary reason they left. Former workers also reported that they wanted a voice and someone to hear their concerns, greater recognition, and opportunity to practice self-care. Quantitatively, workers in their positions 8 years or longer were the most satisfied on a 19-item global scale examining job satisfaction. Respondents were unhappy with their workloads and emotional impact of their positions.     

环境公益诉讼制度构建若干问题探析

作为环境法的法益基础,环境权在某种意义上是一种社会性权利,有权提起环境诉讼、维护环境公共利益是环境权从理论到实践基本标志。我国建立环境公益诉讼制度有其现实必要性。借鉴国外经验,立足于中国国情,可以通过对原告资格的适度放宽、举证责任的合理配置、诉讼途径之拓展、诉讼费用公平负担等方面进行制度创新,建立我国的环境公益诉讼制度。     

福利权利是个人的还是家庭的?--从性别视角看福利供热制度改革与社会公平重建

近年来,北方福利供热一直是比较敏感的社会问题,它一方面涉及到北方居民基本生活保障,另一方面也关涉到社会福利公平分配。而以往的福利供热政策是以家庭为单位,并且常常落实到男人身上。那么,在福利供热制度改革中,如何看待这种“男女不同对待”的政策?这种政策背后所隐藏的潜规则是什么?如何实现福利制度改革和社会公平重建的双赢?本文尝试探讨和回答这些问题。     

STRICTLY LIABLE: GOVERNMENTAL USE OF THE PARENT–CHILD RELATIONSHIP AS A BASIS FOR HOLDING VICTIMS LIABLE FOR THEIR CHILD'S WITNESS TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Studies estimate that between three and ten million children in the United States witness domestic violence annually. Although studies have demonstrated a co‐occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse, there is no concrete evidence to support the assumption that a child's exposure to domestic violence increases the risk to the child of abuse or neglect. Recently the New York State Court of Appeals determined that a child's witness to abuse does not suffice, in and of itself, to show that removal of the child is necessary or that removal is in the “best interests” of the child. Programs which have developed alternatives to presumptive removal understand the importance of viewing the interests of the battered parent and children as being in accord with each other rather than in opposition. Private and government sponsored programs have demonstrated some success in protecting the parent‐child relationship, ensuring the safety of both parent and child, and increasing accountability of batterers while reducing the necessity for removals. Alternative programs are less costly to the state than foster care, and emotionally less costly to the families.     

公益诉讼的局限及其发展的困难——对建立新型经济诉讼的几点思考

公益诉讼对传统起诉资格的扩展,虽然有助于扩大司法救济的范围,但同时也使我们面临着私人原告代表能力有限、纠纷解决成本过高、司法角色转换困难等诸多问题。在无法有效解决这些问题的情况下,建立在公益诉讼模式基础之上的新型经济诉讼难以成为保障经济法有效运行的基本的司法形式。     

Incentives and beneficence

Whether an action is beneficent may depend on its effect on incentives for future behavior of the beneficiary. This strategic consideration makes our moral account of beneficence far more complex than most discussions suggest. Its effect on utilitarian and Kantian moral theories is discussed. In general, strategic incentive considerations recommend institutional rather than individual resolution of many problems, so that moral theory must in part be political and institutional.