论犯罪学的研究对象

犯罪学诞生至今已有近两个半世纪的历史。对于犯罪学的研究对象仍有不同的主张则从一定程度上反映了犯罪学这一学科尚欠成熟。古典派犯罪学、实证派犯罪学和近现代犯罪学都将预防和控制犯罪的对策作为研究的重要对象。所谓狭义犯罪学意义上的研究对象只是一些学者进行研究和著述时的个别选择而已。就犯罪学学科而言,其研究对象始终是广义的。     

基于中学英语课堂互动教学的教学评价研究

新的课程标准明确提出了对传统的教学评价模式进行变革。加强中学英语课堂互动教学改革是一个庞大的系统工程,受到了来自教学改革试验方方面面因素的制约。其中,如何进行科学合理的教学评价已成为至关重要的因素之一。     

论墨家的军事思想

春秋战国时期,墨家与儒家相并列,被称为“世之显学”。墨家不仅在哲学、政治、伦理、逻辑等方面有卓越建树,而且在军事上也取得了突出的成就。墨家军事思想自成体系,包括军事教育思想、军事管理思想、军事战略思想。墨家还制订出一整套军事战略,研究制造防御工具并亲自组织防御之战。     

超高效液相色谱-MS/MS法测定血中11种苯丙胺类物质

目的应用超高效液相色谱-质谱法对全血中11种苯丙胺类毒品进行定量测定。方法全血样品经1%(v/v)甲酸-乙腈提取,采用Ostra磷脂过滤板净化处理,使用ACQUITY UPLC BEH Phenyl(100mm×2.1mm,1.7μm)色谱柱,以0.3%(v/v)甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱。在多反应监测模式下测定全血样本中苯丙胺、甲基苯丙胺、二亚甲基双氧苯丙胺、替苯丙胺、3,4-亚甲基二氧基乙基苯丙胺、N-甲基-1-(3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基)-2-丁胺、副甲氧基甲基苯丙胺、麻黄碱、甲基麻黄碱、卡西酮、甲卡西酮,并进行方法学考察。结果 11种苯丙胺类物质的检出限(S/N≥3)为0.01~0.4ng/m L,在0.5~50μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r0.999);回收率在75.8%~103.4%之间,相对标准偏差在1.6%~13.0%之间。结论本文建立的超高效液相色谱-质谱法快速、简便、灵敏,适用于中毒案件检验及吸毒人员排查。     

Bystander Intervention,Bullying, and Victimization: A Multilevel Analysis of New Zealand High Schools

This study examines the association between schools and student bullying behaviors and victimization among a nationally representative sample (N = 9,107) of New Zealand high school students. In particular, the study sought to explore the role of characteristics of schools and school culture with respect to bystander behavior, while controlling for individual student factors related to victimization and bullying behaviors. Results indicated that a total of 6% of students report being bullied weekly or more often and 5% of students reported bullying other students at least weekly. Results of multilevel analyses suggested that schools characterized by students taking action to stop bullying were associated with less victimization and less reported bullying among students. In contrast, in schools where students reported teachers take action to stop bullying, there was no decline in victimization or bullying. Overall, these findings support whole-school approaches that aid students to take action to stop bullying.     

差异性教学在中学语文教学中的应用

在中学语文教学中,学生由于学习基础以及学习态度、学习能力等因素的制约,表现出较为明显的差异性。教师应该优化教学手段,运用差异性教学模式,使处于不同学习水平的学生的语文素养都可以得到巩固与提升。差异性教学在中学语文教学中的应用如下:构建有差异性的教学目标;实施有差异性的教学方法;制定有差异性的作业设计。     

论警官院校师资队伍建设机制的创新

改革开放以来,我国警官教育事业有了长足的进步发展,取得了可喜成绩。但面对当前课程改革与警官院校人才培养目标发展的需要,现有师资在年龄、职称、学历、专业、能力等构成上还不尽合理,专业教师、实践教师匮乏,并存有断层现象,与课程改革不相适应。为此,我们必须坚持改革创新,进一步加快警官院校师资队伍建设步伐,努力构建合理的师资引进机制、完善的师资培训机制、公正的师资激励机制、科学的师资创新机制。从而力争以一流的师资队伍为加快课程改革步伐,全面提高教学质量,培养一流的警察人才服务。     

Creating and contesting meanings of place and community in the Ylay Talaa Valley of Kyrgyzstan

Formal schooling was virtually non-existent before the Soviet power in nomadic Kyrgyzstan, as communal life and learning was organized informally at the household and clan level. During the Soviet period, however, educational success became an avenue to a new form of upward social and geographical mobility, and the school provided new and prestigious positions for local teachers and administrators. This paper explores how the externally imposed Soviet collectivization policies reshaped the understandings and meanings of place and community during the twentieth century, a reshaping that centrally involved redefining education and the importance of ‘the school’. In the post-Soviet period, the utility of secondary and higher education in local and national labour markets has diminished, as has the power and prestige of educators. Yet the appeal of education lingers on. The authors seek to document these claims using oral histories, ethnographic interviews and participant observations in the Ylay Talaa Valley of the Kyrgyz Republic.     

The Mechanism of State Charter School Policy Adoption: The Case of American States

This article concentrates on charter school policy that is regarded as the fastest growing innovative policy in America. Its adoption is more impressive than other innovative policies in the public educational area. By 2008, 40 states among 50 American states have passed charter school law since Minnesota became the first pathfinder to create charter school law about two decades ago. However, 10 states have not adopted charter school law. Based on this dichotomous policy phenomenon, the primary research question of the study focuses on clarifying what factors drive American states to adopt charter school policy. To obtain answers for this research question, the study dedicates to analyzing main hypotheses from the regional diffusion model and state characteristics, using event history analysis. The results demonstrate that the three predictor variables—regional diffusion, similar innovation, and gubernatorial political tendency—positively have significant effects in explaining the adoption of American state charter school policy.     

Analyzing School Finance Policy: Beyond a Quantitative Approach

This paper analyzes school finance policy (SFP) using an alternative hermeneutic approach along the line of fairness. This approach, in comparison with the quantitative approach, guides toward a better understanding of the tensions between the de jure and de facto policies. The analysis focuses on Israel as an interesting case study since its SFP was currently reformed. To this end, trends in legislation, Ministry-of-Education publications, and the Israeli Parliament’s protocols were analyzed. The findings reveal that an SFP is a disharmonic composition of “voices” that affects student outcomes. These findings are relevant to countries with high population diversity who wish to improve their educational attainment.