The ‘Wrongs’ of Women: Sex and Sexuality in Irish American Women's Writing

A key trait distinguishing the writing of Irish American women from that of their male counterparts is a strong feminist bent often expressed in stories featuring sex and sexuality. In ignoring these characteristics, Irish studies scholars have disregarded a trait established by Irish women writers in oral traditions as early as 600 and in written English since 1685. Much of this material was categorized as the ‘Wrongs of Woman’, a phrase used to describe stories about physical and sexual abuse. These same themes can be traced in the writing of Irish American women since the late nineteenth century. By focusing on these ‘wrongs’, Irish American women have not only carried on the tradition begun by their foremothers; they have also battled patriarchal bonds on three fronts: religion, which created such bonds; society, which reinforced them; and politics, which tries to recreate and re-impose them. A complete understanding of Irish American writing therefore depends on recognizing and adding the contributions of these women to the definition of the literature. This essay defines that cohort, then provides a historically contextualized examination of their literary attempts to address the ‘wrongs’ of women inflicted by religion, society and politics from 1899 to the present. In so doing, this discussion demonstrates the role played by Irish American women writers in promoting, protecting and perpetuating the rights of women in the United States and around the world.     

《知堂书话》版本变迁与书话文体认知

周作人是公认的现代最突出的书话家。目前钟叔河编《知堂书话》已出四种版本。对比这四种版本的《知堂书话》,意义不容小觑。四种版本的变迁体现出1980年代至今30年间对书话文体的认知变化,折射出周作人研究的曲折历程。这无论对书话研究还是对周作人研究都大有裨益。     

新世纪以来中国抗日战争史研究的回顾与前瞻

作为东方主战场，中国抗战为世界反法西斯战争的胜利做出了巨大贡献。相应地，有关中国抗日战争史的研究几十年来取得颇为丰硕的成果。特别是新世纪以来的研究又有了新的进展，但也存在国外史料运用不够、史料运用的不规范、忽视史料解读及军事史的研究等多方面问题。今后抗日战争史研究需要注重海外档案文献的利用与国际间的交流对话，加强多层面、多角度、多方法的研究。     

女性学研究的方法与方法论问题

我国女性学研究起步于上世纪80年代中期,是在传统学科女性研究不断深入的基础上成长起来的。伴随着女性学知识与理论系统的不断完善,女性学研究的方法和方法论不断推进,初步呈现出以唯物史观为指导和以社会性别理论为指导的两种探索模式,并逐渐形成了有中国特色的发展路径。     

The Effect of Victimization Severity on Perceived Risk of Victimization: Analyses Using an International Sample

In this article, we explored the effect of prior victimization severity on perceived risk using a cross-national sample. We extracted data for all variables from the International Criminal Victimization Survey (ICVS) and the European Survey on Crime Safety (EU ICS). Using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression for both pooled data and individual countries, we found that, in addition to numerous control and prior victimization variables, our key independent variable—perceived severity of victimization—generally influences levels of perceived risk. Discussion of the results and limitations of the study are also included.     

Cultural Policy and Governance: Reviewing Policies Related to Cultural and Creative Industries Implemented by the Central Government of Taiwan Between 2002 and 2012

Cultural and creative industries have exhibited rapid changes in recent years, and public sectors worldwide have expanded interest in policies related to these industries as a means of promoting culture, innovation, and economic vitality. This article argues that the cultural values promoted by and economic significance of cultural and creative sectors are essential to the formation of policy and to the development of new industries. This article offers insight into cultural policy that has governed regional and local development, and addresses academic debates about policy related to cultural and creative industries based on several cultural, economic, and geographical factors. In addition, this article presents the results of analyzing various theories and case studies, based on how the Central Government of Taiwan (CGT) has adopted policies to promote cultural and creative industries. The research results link areas of cultural and economic development with policies enacted by the CGT. Ideas concerning the cultural ministry, industrial development, civic boosterism, subsidies, regional development, creative clusters, tourists and tourism businesses, and export markets are areas of emphasis in this study.     

Beyond (and Within) City Limits: Climate Policy in an Intergovernmental System

This analysis explores the role of city‐level and state‐level variables to explain why some cities make more progress on climate‐related policy implementation than others. Using multilevel modeling, we find little support for the influence of state factors on local government leadership among the 812 cities in the dataset, but local government institutional and community variables are strongly associated with climate policy initiatives. We argue for a rethinking of the notion of the limited and constrained city and suggest that, in the realm of climate protection and environmental policy, cities are leading a bottom‐up federalism. Moreover, where some political analysts and scholars have argued that climate protection and environmental policies may not be economically rational for cities to pursue, we theorize that cities are acting locally to further their self‐interest in an increasingly global economy.     

指纹和DNA分型证据的比较研究

本文在简要地追述了指纹证据和DNA的历史的基础上,介绍了两个法庭证据在技术上的运用并讨论了两个领域相关专业知识的界限和构成。指纹证据拥有独特的说服力来让陪审员定被告的罪。DNA分型研究渗入了主流媒体,尽管它可以明显地辨认嫌疑犯,但DNA分型研究的证据性还是在法庭上遭到质疑。     

A Critical Perspective on Terrorism: Case Study of Jundallah and Jeish ul-Adl in Iran

ABSTRACT

An extensive body of traditional terrorism research exists where the focus is on Iran as a terrorist state and a terrorism sponsor. This article explores an alternative terrorism narrative by examining the non-state actors, Jundallah and Jeish ul-Adl. The deficiency of information in the literature is addressed by applying the first and second-order critique approach of Richard Jackson’s knowledge, power and politics theoretical framework in contrast with the traditional terrorism studies approach. A first-order critique seeks to destabilise the accepted knowledge that Iran is both a terrorist state and a terrorism sponsor. This provides the grounds to study other aspects of “knowing” in relation to the second-order critique, where a critical ground outside the discourse suggests that Iranian officials have declared that the non-state terrorist actors of Jundallah and Jeish ul-Adl constitute a threat to Iran’s political stability. The outcome of the analyses here bridges the gap between the new aspect of terrorism, the non-state actors, and critical terrorism studies in order to contest the traditional discussion of terrorism in Iran. The rationale behind new terrorism varies and necessitates that new meanings and strategies be adopted in relation to Iran.     

女性越轨理论百年述评

文献研究表明,对青少年越轨的理论解释往往忽视了对性别变量的考察。解释性别和越轨问题的文献非常有限。从20世纪初至今100多年的主要理论,阐述了主流理论中特质理论、社会化理论对女性越轨的解释,其中存在大量的社会性别歧视和偏见内容。当代女性主义理论流派对社会性别变量给予了高度重视。