The analysis of case-control studies in criminology

Case-control designs, in which subjects are selected conditionally on the value of a dependent variable, are well suited for research in criminology. For many research issues, case-control studies should be preferred over cohort studies because they can provide estimates of the same parameters, with equal standard errors, for less cost. This paper describes the case-control design and some of the problems that arise in interpreting them. An approach to analysis and interpretation that has developed in epidemiology is presented.     

Beyond crime seriousness: Fitting the punishment to the crime

This paper presents an exposition of how the factorial survey approach may enhance empirical assessments of the complex judgment principles involved in public views of just punishments for convicted offenders. Ratings of the appropriateness of sentences given across 50 typical crimes obtained from a household sample (N=774) of the Boston SMSA and several special-interest samples in 1982 are examined in three alternative ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression equations. These analyses show there is not a one-to-one direct relationship between public perceptions of the seriousness of criminal acts and desired sanctions. Crime seriousness is modified by the characteristics of the offenders and victims and by the consequences of the crimes. Preferred punishments also vary in severity by demographic, experiential, and attitudinal characteristics of the persons who make the judgments.     

文化研究与意识形态——评文化研究中的中立立场

文化研究因为文化的客体性的一面存在着一定的中立性,但这种中立性本身是有前提的,这就是承认文化研究的非中立性.文化研究的非中立性源于文化的主体性本性,而在任何一位文化研究者那里都或显或隐地存在着意识形态性.文化本身就蕴含着意识形态性,意识形态是文化与现实发生关联的中介.在当代社会,由于经济、政治与文化的一体化联系,文化的意识形态性显得更为突出,这是作为当代人文知识分子的文化研究者们应当清醒地意识到的.     

八音古乐的发展脉络及艺术研究

长期流传在黔西南州布依族地区的八音古乐 ,是布依族特有的中华民族文化艺术瑰宝。由它独特的艺术个性与民族特征韵味 ,显示了顽强的生命力。探索八音古乐的发展脉络及艺术研究 ,具有时代意义与深远意义     

规范性与现实性--浅论课程设置与妇女学学科发展

课程设置是学科建设与学科发展中的一个重要环节。妇女学的学科建设,既要尽可能融入全球化背景下的妇女学发展潮流,积极参与世界妇女学领域的对话与交流,又要坚持本土化的发展道路,给予当代中国妇女生存与发展的处境充分的现实关照。这种学科发展方向要求妇女学的课程设置,一方面要遵循学科建设和课程设置的一般原则,注重科学性和规范性;另一方面要兼顾妇女学生存与发展的特殊性与现实环境,做到规范性与现实性的统一。     

妇女学的内容与目标

妇女学不是把妇女看作问题 ,而是以妇女成为主体向男性中心的知识体系提出问题时产生的。妇女学的核心理论是社会性别。分析研究各个文化在各个历史时期中社会性别制度的变迁 ,社会性别话语的变化 ,社会性别等级制同阶级、种族、族裔等的交叉关系 ,社会性别同政治、经济、文化的关系 ,特定社会性别制度对男女的规范 ,性文化的变迁 ,妇女在各个领域的活动经历等等 ,是妇女学的主要内容。妇女学的目标是以新的认识论认识人类社会 ,并在此基础上参与改造社会。     

马克思主义妇女观与中国女性学基本理论建设

马克思主义妇女观为中国女性学基本理论建设提供了基础性思想,女性学揭示女性的本质、特征、存在状态及其发展规律。21世纪,中国女性学须创新;须坚持辩证法和唯物史观,对现实中国女性生存与发展面临的新问题进行理论探讨;须吸收和借鉴国外女性学,尤其是西方马克思主义女性主义理论的学术成果。     

上海国有控股公司法人治理结构的实证研究

国有资产授权经营主体处在“国有资产管理委员会——国有资产授权经营主体——控股、参股的国有企业”这样一个三层架构模式的中间层位置。自1993年底组建国有资产授权经营公司(国有控股公司)至今,上海通过明确国有资产出资主体和保值增值责任主体,改变了长期以来国有资产产权不清、权利责任不明的状况。十年来的摸索,使上海的国有资产管理工作走在了全国的前列。     

The institutionalization of relative advantage: formal institutions,subconstitutional presidential powers,and the rise of authoritarian politics in Russia, 1994–2012

What role do formal institutions play in the consolidation of authoritarian regimes such as the Russian Federation? Oftentimes, it is assumed that autocrats, usually potent presidents, wield informal powers and control far-flung patron–client networks that undermine formal institutions and bolster their rule. After the institutional turn in authoritarianism studies, elections, parties, legislatures, or courts have taken center stage, yet presidencies and public law are still on the margins of this research paradigm. This paper proposes a method for measuring subconstitutional presidential power and its change by federal law, decrees, and Constitutional Court rulings as well as a theoretical framework for explaining when and under which conditions subconstitutional presidential power expands. It is argued that as a result of a gradual, small-scale, and slow-moving process of layering, presidential powers have been accumulated over time. This furthers the institutionalization of presidential advantage toward other federal and regional institutions, which in turn contributes to the consolidation of authoritarianism.     

Cultures of high-frequency trading: mapping the landscape of algorithmic developments in contemporary financial markets

Abstract

As part of ongoing work to lay a foundation for social studies of high-frequency trading (HFT), this paper introduces the culture(s) of HFT as a sociological problem relating to knowledge and practice. HFT is often discussed as a purely technological development, where all that matters is the speed of allocating, processing and transmitting data. Indeed, the speed at which trades are executed and data transmitted is accelerating, and it is fair to say that algorithms are now the primary interacting agents operating in the financial markets. However, we contend that HFT is first and foremost a cultural phenomenon. More specifically, both individuals and collective agents – such as algorithms – might be considered cultural entities, charged with very different ways of processing information, making sense of it and turning it into knowledge and practice. This raises issues relating to situated knowledge, distributed cognition and action, the assignment of responsibility when regulating high-speed algorithms, their history, organizational structure and, perhaps more fundamentally, their representation.