Federalism and Governability in Brazil: Oil Royalties in Dispute

This article discusses the relationship between governability and federalism in Brazil, analysing the dispute among Brazilian states for oil royalties. This conflict features an unusual pattern in federal legislative voting, leading to regional alignment, rather than the usual party political configuration. This study explains the phenomenon by showing how this organisation makes it possible to align the preferences of national party leaders, regional party leaders, parliamentarians, and each state's voters. The political influence of governors and mayors is also underlined, and the Union's role in the process is described in detail.     

理想女性与女性理想之间:高校高学历女教师角色压力及疏解

作为“传统的现代女人”,高校高学历女教师有着强烈的自我发展需求、主体意识和成就动机,但在沉重的学术压力面前她们更容易出现职业倦怠;作为“现代的传统女人”,未婚的高学历女教师往往面临“结构性剩余”问题,已婚的高学历女教师则在事业与家庭之间作着“鱼与熊掌”的艰难选择.多种角色压力归根到底是由于传统社会期待与现代价值追求的冲突,疏解这些压力要全社会共同努力,推进社会性别文化的良性发展,高学历女教师自身也要对自我作理性认知,提高对不同角色的适应能力.     

Reviews

In recent years, urban community studies in China have been taking a closer look at neighbourhood space. Many researchers have examined neighbourhood using a state-society approach. This article argues that the fragmented state structure and the diversified society have led to calls for a different view of state and society. Based on the empirical studies in Shanghai, this article attempts to uncover the limitations of the state-society paradigm in exploring the transformation of urban grassroots, and suggests understanding the increasingly fragmented grassroots from examining different actors who are embedded in a specific neighbourhood space and vary in their interests and goals.     

美国档案鉴定的教学方法

通过一位美国教授的实际教学经历,介绍了在美国如何选择档案文献来培养学生的鉴定思维模式,详细阐述了如何选择鉴定案例与如何应用案例作为教学工具的各种方式。该教学方式对国内的档案教学研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

宁夏生态环境立法的若干问题探析

当前,生态文明建设已成为中国特色社会主义建设的一个重要方面。要实现生态文明建设的目标和任务,必须加快有利于可持续发展的体制机制建设,进一步健全相关法律法规,为生态文明建设提供制度和法律保障。因此,研究和探讨可持续发展与完善生态环境建设立法的关系,对于促进宁夏节约型社会和环境友好型社会的建设,实现经济社会的跨越发展具有重要的现实意义。     

The Baltic states,Finland, and British economic expectations in the early 1920s

Abstract

After the First World War, the Baltic states — not Finland — attracted the British as a bridge to Russian markets. The article deals with the rank of these states in British economic expectations. It is shown that whereas the Baltic states were highly prioritized, in 1920, by 1926 the British preferred Finland as a more trusworthy trading partner than Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. The article thus shows how the rank of the Baltic states and Finland changed in British expectations when all of these states were seen as markets in and of themselves.     

Lessons of the Northern War on African corruption*

ABSTRACT

In the 1990s states, international non-governmental organisations, and capitalist enterprises launched a novel campaign against transnational corruption. This essay addresses how and when this campaign emerged, how corruption was framed as a product of African state failure and patrimonialism, and how radical changes in the global political economy, most notably East-South relationships, undermine our understanding of the actors and paths of transnational corruption.     

西南民族研究的回顾与前瞻

西南民族研究可以分为三个阶段 :初创时期、民族社会历史语言大调查时期、承上启下的过渡性时期。今后 ,我们必须加大对民族学 (文化人类学 )、民族史、民族语言、民族问题、民族生态学、民族学与其他学科的交叉发展等问题的研究。     

新世纪警学学科体系论纲

世纪之交 ,重新探讨和确立警学学科体系是当代警察实践发展的客观需要 ,是警察科学发展的必然趋势 ,是警学科研和警察教育发展目标的要求。对于警学学科体系 ,可以从认识论、警察基本业务部门、警察科学与其他学科的关系三种角度加以划分。其中 ,警学基础学科也应是一个具有合理结构和功能分工的学科群。在新的世纪 ,警学学科研究要真正实现其对警察教育和警察实践应有的指导推动作用 ,就必须在三个方向上有所突破 ,即从封闭走向开放、从注释走向理性、从滞后走向超前。     

国家安全学视域下的人工智能安全研究：议题网络建构的初步尝试

国家安全学的创建为人工智能安全研究提供了整合与成长的契机。人工智能技术并非基于安全目的而诞生,却因其核心功能可以与既有安全体系内的诸多环节建立深度链接,从而获得了内在的安全属性。人工智能与国家安全学存在深度耦合关系,国家安全学研究框架能够为人工智能安全议题网络的建构提供基础条件。人工智能本身蕴含的“双重时空意义”与国家安全学框架内特点各异的安全领域形成复杂互动,能够在学科框架中建立以“中心—外围”结构为基本特征的人工智能安全研究议题网络。国家安全研究的六个领域同时兼容人工智能的双重身份：在研究视角更加宏观的政治安全、经济安全和军事安全领域,人工智能将以系统性要素的身份创建广泛的新议题,并成为网络的中心节点;在安全内涵相对具体的网络安全、核安全与国土安全领域,人工智能则成为重要的赋能主体,塑造了网络的半中心区域。其余十个国家安全领域与人工智能的链接相对松散,人工智能分别以博弈客体、功能性要素和技术性要素的身份发挥次要作用,从而构成议题网络的外围区域。议题网络的创建有助于人工智能安全研究迈入学科化的发展轨道。