中国地方人大制度的研究现状与展望

中国的地方人大制度近年来引起了国内外学术界的不断关注。国外研究的最大特点是较为注重实证分析和模式构建 ,具有较强的学术价值。但是由于价值准则的误用和分析层面的局限 ,这种研究难免存在着一些不足之处。与此相对 ,国内的研究则带有很强的规范研究和对策研究的成份。总体上可以将国内的研究概括为制度描述、制度完善、工作改进和行为统计这几种途径。国内研究的最大优势是一手材料的利用和价值准则的趋同 ,但是由于实证程度和模式构建力度的不足 ,同样也存在着需要完善的地方。要真正提升地方人大的研究层次 ,就有必要从中国地方人大的产生和运作过程中去寻找制度层面的内在动力。     

香港慈善组织的发展与启示

香港的慈善组织遍及社会生活的各个方面,在数百年来香港社会的进步中扮演了重要角色。市场、法治、政府、制度以及文化等因素在香港慈善组织的蓬勃发展中发挥了重要作用。我国内地非政府组织应该有效借鉴香港经验,重塑政府与非政府组织关系,改变思维,建立多元文化,从而使我国非政府组织事业逐步走向发展与成熟。     

试析我国公务员的地位

本文从地位的含义入手,根据《公务员法》所规定的“公务员是依法履行公职的人”的公务员的性质,从公务员与国家权力之间的关系,分析得出结论,公务员是人民的勤务员的结论。     

我国应当尽快确立电子商务证据的法律地位

随着电子商务的普及推广,电子商务证据与现行法律规定发生冲突,已在司法实践中显现出来。在我国,这种冲突主要体现在电子商务证据的种类、形式等方面,借鉴世界各国和国际社会的不同做法,我国应对其合法地位作出相应的法律规定,以适应电子商务发展的需要。     

浅论我国农民的市场主体地位

我国现阶段的农民,由于体制性原因,其身份意义重于职业意义,使其市场主体地位处于残缺状态,这在投资者、经营者、劳动者、消费者等主体制度中均有突出表现.为确立农民的完整市场主体地位,在立法和政策上,应当采取减少农民与富裕农民、市场机制和政府干预、反歧视与偏重保护、国家保护与团体维权、经济支持与社会保障、增加农民收入与提高农民素质并重的对策.     

防止政府脱离人民民主专政的国家本质--马克思主义国家学说的重要启示

代表最广大人民群众的根本利益,充分体现人民民主专政的国家本质,是当前我国政府体制改革的重大问题。确立人民群众在社会公共管理中的主体地位,促进政府与人民群众在公共领域的合作,是有效防止政府脱离人民民主专政国家本质的根本途径。马克思主义国家学说所揭示的这一基本原理,为防止政府脱离人民民主专政的国家本质提供了锐利武器。     

Evidence for the role of the justice motive in status generalization processes

Status generalization refers to the capacity of status characteristics, such as race, gender, or occupation, to become the basis of social inequality even when such characteristics are not directly relevant to the immediate social interaction. For instance, individuals with positively valued status characteristics are more likely to assume positions of power and prestige than those of lower standing. To date, status generalization has been assumed to arise from stereotyped beliefs that associate positive standing on a status characteristic with positively valued personal attributes. Findings from two studies indicate that the capacity for status characteristics to produce power and prestige orders may also depend on people's need to believe in a just world. In the first study, participants were fortuitously granted a position of either superior or equal power and prestige to another person. Consistent with just world predictions, participants portrayed themselves more positively relative to the other on assessments of personal attributes when they occupied a superior position than when they occupied a position of equal power and prestige. Results from a second study showed that the tendency to link personal attributes with power and prestige standing was strongest for participants who scored high on the Just World Scale. Thus, just world beliefs appear to play a role in status generalization processes.     

A multivariate investigation of dating aggression

This study investigated the following variables for their unique and combined contributions to dating aggression: exposure to aggression in the family of origin (witnessing interparental aggression or being the victim of aggressive parenting); attitudes justifying dating aggression (when humiliated or in selfdefense); child-to-parent aggression; child sexual abuse; violent sexual victimization; alcohol use; and socioeconomic status. One hundred and eleven male and 179 female undergraduates reported on their own aggressive behaviors directed toward dating partners. Together, the predictor variables accounted for 41% of the variance in male-to-female aggression but only 16% of the female-to-male aggression. Humiliation, as a justification for dating aggression, contributes to the prediction of both males' and females' dating aggression, while self-defense, although a highly endorsed condition for justifying dating aggression, does not predict actual aggressive behavior. Exposure to interparental aggression plus the product between exposure and humiliation contribute to the prediction of males' dating aggression but exposure does not play a role in females' dating aggression. Violent sexual victimization contributes unique variance to both males' and females' dating aggression. The present data highlight the importance of examining specific circumstances under which males and females justify dating aggression and how such attitudes condoning aggression affect actual behaviors.     

Marital status and woman abuse theory

An area that has received insufficient attention in woman abuse studies is marital status. Although many feel that ending the marriage will end the violence, this may not be the case. An examination of National Crime Survey victimization data shows that most victims are, at the time of the interview, divorced or separated. There are reasons to believe that this is partially accounted for by the fact that many or even most women leave abusive relationships. If this is the case, then the traditional question of why women remain in battering marriages is improperly put. If most women do take appropriate steps, then we need much more information on both how women are victimized by ex-spouses and how women take active steps to improve their own lives.     

Constructions of migrant rights in Canada: is subnational citizenship possible?

Devolutionary trends in immigration and social welfare policy have enabled different levels of government to define membership and confer rights to people residing within the political boundary of a province or municipality in ways that may contradict federal legal status. Drawing upon theories of postnational and deterritorialized citizenship, we examined the legal construction of social rights within federal, provincial, and municipal law in Toronto, Ontario. The study of these different policy arenas focuses on rights related to education, access to safety and police protection, and income assistance. Our analysis suggests that the interplay of intra-governmental laws produces an uneven terrain of social rights for people with precarious status. We argue that while provincial and municipal governments may rhetorically seek to advance the social rights of all people living within their territorial boundaries, program and funding guidelines ensure that national practices of market citizenship and the policing of non-citizen subjects are reproduced at local levels.