基层负担难题从何得解——基于条线下沉视域下的解释

作为基层治理中的长期性问题,工作负担加重和减负悖论带来的负向反馈为基层干部培养和基层治理带来了诸多困扰。在中央大力推动基层减负的背景下,基层负担难解的根源并非简单地在于工作过载,而是源于条线下沉过程中的压力传导异化与机制设计缺陷。其中,压力传导、队伍分异以及作风障碍要素的相互嵌套是基层负担的本质特征,机制层面的规划滞后化、担责错位化、标准模糊化以及反馈逆向化则成为基层负担得以形成并且难解的内在逻辑。对此,需要通过自下而上的问题驱动与自上而下的制度强化,开展对基层负担的精细化“双向”治理,从而疏通党和国家政策执行的“最后一公里”。     

The Experience of Women Regarding Chilean Government Measures during the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study explores the experience of ten possible beneficiaries of the measures provided by the Chilean government during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic through remote semi-structured interviews. The results show a scenario of improvisation. Instead of relying on solid gender equity policies, a patchwork of focused measures was implemented, which increased uncertainty and vulnerability. As a result, women experienced sorrow and despair while facing economic constraints and care tasks mostly on their own. This article shows that care remains invisible in politics while overwhelmingly evident at home. Social care policies are urgently needed.     

The limits of agency: Emily Hobhouse’s international activism and the politics of suffering

Abstract

This article pieces together the activism of the British welfare worker and feminist-pacifist Emily Hobhouse (1860–1926) during two largely unrecorded episodes of transnational activism: firstly, her ministry of Cornish miners in Virginia, Minnesota, in the United States; and secondly, her interventions during the period of reconstruction following the South African War (1899–1902). The article endeavors to contextualize Hobhouse’s activism and offer a broader understanding of the limitations and restraints on her actions. Ultimately, her activism required a platform that was in the gift of political actors and establishment figures, and dependent on fluctuations within specific political and bureaucratic situations. Based on close inspection of undocumented material in both South African and British archives, the article investigates Hobhouse’s repertoire of missionary and philanthropic roles within a wider context of humanitarian politics. It demonstrates how women’s activism and their behind-the-scenes politicking informed political decision-making in modern imperial and international affairs.     

Breaking the Silence: Gender Mainstreaming and the Composition of the European Court of Justice

Why has it taken so long for member states to appoint women to the Court of Justice? Despite having won relatively significant policy instruments for equal treatment at work and high levels of legislative representation, women in the European Union have been slow to extend the demand for gender mainstreaming to courts. Prior to 1999, the Court of Justice had had one woman member until Ireland appointed Fidelma Macken in late 1999, and Germany appointed Ninon Colneric and Austria appointed Christine Stix-Hackl Advocate General in 2000.The 1995 U.N. meeting in Beijing was a catalyst for the demand for balanced participation of women and men in decision-making processes within the E.U., and it coincided with Sweden, Finland and Austria joining and championing the cause of gender equality. In 1999, the Commission published a report on women in the judiciary and women lawyers began to organize across Europe. After tracing the appointment process, I review the European Parliament's role in championing women on the Court and consider recent developments. Courts, particularly supranational and federal courts, are representative institutions even if their representative function differs from legislatures. Non-merit factors have always been a factor in judicial appointments and thus the demand for women on the bench is not a terrible deviation from merit. An all male bench is no longer legitimate. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

民国南京政府时期的妇女离婚问题——以江苏省高等法院1927-1936年民事案例为例

民国南京政府时期,妇女在法律上拥有与男子平等的离婚权利,但是,从原因来看,妇女提出离婚诉求主要是因为男方的虐待、遗弃以及疾病,并且,在通奸问题上,男方与女方有明显不同的表现.妇女的离婚不仅受到了法律上证据问题的困扰,还受到社会文化因素的制约.在离婚后的妆奁与抚养费用上,妇女的合法权益一般得到了法院的保护.     

始终重视和加强农村基层党组织建设

农村基层党组织是党在农村全部工作和战斗力的基础,是农村各种组织和各项工作的领导核心.当前,农村基层党组织面临新的情况和新的挑战,加强农村基层党组织建设具有现实紧迫性.必须紧紧围绕增强农村基层党组织的凝聚力、战斗力和吸引力,切实加强和改进基层党组织建设     

侵占罪告诉问题研究

现行刑法规定侵占罪“告诉才处理”,主要是由该罪本身的特点决定的,在侵占案件中,单位可以成为告诉的主体,侵占罪的诉讼形式应以自诉为主,但对侵占公共财产的应增加除外的规定。     

Lifetime Abuse, Mental Health, and African American Women

This study examined the relationship between lifetime abuse and mental health among 126 African American women and 365 White women from a primary health care setting who participated in a telephone interview as part of a larger study. Seven types of childhood and adult intimate partner abuse were measured. Consistent with hypotheses, (1) lifetime abuse was associated with elevated levels of anxiety and depression, and (2) women who experienced childhood abuse were more likely to report adult partner abuse. African American and White women showed more similarities than differences in the associations between most abuse experiences and depression and anxiety, as well as types of childhood abuse. African American abused women reported more excessive jealousy by partners. Nonabused African American women reported higher levels of depression and anxiety than their White counterparts. Results are interpreted and discussed taking into account relevant social and cultural factors.     

对推动中国女性解放力量的分析

回顾中国妇女解放走过的道路,可以看到中国妇女解放在未来的发展方向为女性积极主动参与到自身的解放事业中来。尽管如此,国家、妇联、学者、男性的作用仍是不可低估,他们在推动中国女性解放上曾经发挥并将继续发挥很大的作用。同时也不可否认,女性解放更多地将是依靠自身的力量。     

滇桂黔石漠化区基层政府扶贫执行力研究

基层政府扶贫的执行力是国家新一轮扶贫开发战略在滇桂黔石漠化片区顺利实施的重要保障。然而,由于相关行政制度不完善、政府自利性行为严重及政府行政文化缺失等原因,滇桂黔石漠化片区一些基层政府扶贫的执行力近年来并没有显著提升。提升滇桂黔石漠化区基层政府扶贫执行力基本途径主要有改革和完善基层政府领导干部责任制与政绩考核制度、建立健全监督制约机制、培育基层政府行政文化、加强基层政府扶贫队伍业务素质等。