Workplace Bullying Policy in the Australian Public Sector: Why Has Gender Been Ignored?

This article examines the question of gender-neutral workplace bullying policy in the Australian context. It draws on the international workplace bullying literature and interview data gathered from policy actors located in Australian public service administrations, including managers, policy implementors and employee advocates. Our findings show that both the literature and the policy actors tend to present workplace bullying as a product of individualised behaviour, overlooking the nuances and dimensions of organisational power relations that include gender. As part of this tendency, policy actors insisted that workplace bullying be represented as gender-neutral. Our analysis reveals two key factors underpinning the defence and dissemination of workplace bullying as a gender-neutral problem: the tendency to individualistic remedies in public sector policies; and the idea among policy actors that if workplace bullying was portrayed as needing gender analysis, its current support as an important organisational issue would dissolve.     

浅析工作场所的涵义--以工伤确认的实践总结与理论思考为视角

《工伤保险条例》规定,在工作时间和工作场所内受到伤害的,应该认定为工伤。但在具体工伤认定案件中,因为《条例》对“工作场所”的含义没有做出具体的解释,所以执法人员、劳动者和企业负责人容易产生争议。事实上,该问题的解决必须把握正确的方向,即应该以劳动者利益优先保护原则作为出发点,同时兼顾用人单位的利益。在总结有关法律规定和各类人员不同观点的基础上,可以断定,工伤是“因工而伤”,凡是与劳动者的工作存在直接或间接联系的处所都可界定为“工作场所”。     

The Mark of a Food Allergy Label: School Accommodation Policy and Bullying

ABSTRACT

This study examines the extent to which specific school accommodation policies relate to bullying victimization among children with food allergies using a labeling framework. Data were collected through a web-based survey of parents of children with food allergies from several online support groups (N = 622). Using logistic regression, results reveal that school the self-carry rescue medication and hand-washing food accommodation policies are related to increased odds of bullying victimization. Potential policy implications of these findings are discussed.     

公仆式领导对公务员下属服务动机的双元激发路径:职场精神力与LMX中介视角

虽然公仆式领导与公共服务动机近年来在各自领域取得了丰富的研究成果,但是学界对两者关系及其作用机理仍然缺乏了解。为了填补这一研究缺口,本研究在将公共服务动机拓展到服务动机(含公共服务动机和组织服务动机)的基础上,通过390个公务员样本检验了公仆式领导对下属服务动机的影响效应与作用机制。主要得到如下研究结果:所开发的组织服务动机量表具有良好的信效度;公仆式领导对下属公共服务动机、组织服务动机、职场精神力、领导成员交换关系(LMX)有正向影响,证实了职场精神力和LMX在上级公仆式领导和公务员下属公共服务动机、组织服务动机关系中起完全中介作用,说明公仆式领导对下属兼具道德示范与情感传递的双元激发路径;"领导下属价值观一致性"在公仆式领导对下属公共服务动机、组织服务动机影响中起正向调节作用。结果表明领导者可通过公仆式领导风格以身作则激发下属(尤其是价值观相似的下属)从事公共服务与组织服务的动机。     

Comparing the role of personal and organisational support on the innovative behaviour of frontline healthcare workers in Australia and the United States

This paper empirically uses a street-level bureaucrat (SLB) lens to compare the impact of personal and organisational support on the innovative behaviour of frontline healthcare workers in Australia and the United States. Survey data came from the 260 U.S. and 220 Australian respondents. The structural equation model shows that organisational (i.e. manager–subordinate relationships) and personal supports (i.e. psychological capital [PsyCap]) significantly influence the innovative behaviour of frontline SLBs in health care. Further, the mediation results show that reciprocal social exchanges provide the foundations for facilitating the growth of healthcare workers’ PsyCap, which then gives them the resilience to be innovative in the workplace. The U.S. respondents perceived stronger organisational support and consequently had a better platform for building PsyCap – providing better work conditions for facilitating innovative behaviour to bourgeon. The paper adds to SLB theory concerning the influence of two variables on SLBs' innovative behaviour, in addition to a meaningful comparison of the U.S. and Australian healthcare workers. If governments and organisations want innovative workers, then the policies must be based on empirical evidence that shows the impact on all stakeholders, including SLBs, because otherwise, irrespective of policy directives, the outcome is low levels of employee wellbeing (which likely results in limited innovative activity).     

The role of beliefs and trait aggression in prison bullying among young offenders

This study aimed to explore the characteristics of those involved in bullying, including trait aggression, beliefs, interpretation of potential threat and responses to aggression. Three hundred and thirteen young adult male offenders completed three measures; the Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist, the Aggression Questionnaire, and the Threat Appraisal of Behaviour measure. Pure bullies and bully-victims were predicted to have higher trait aggression scores, and to be more likely to endorse beliefs supportive of aggression than other groups. Bully-victims were predicted to have higher levels of trait hostility and higher levels of fear than pure bullies. The results demonstrated that both bully groups had higher trait aggression scores, with bully-victims having higher scores on the hostility subscale than pure bullies or those not involved. Bully-victims viewed bullying as more of a threat and were more fearful of it than pure bullies and they were also more likely to endorse both aggressive and avoidant coping responses whereas pure bullies were more likely to endorse aggressive responding. Findings highlight differences between the two bully groups and offers an outline of the underpinning causes of bullying for each group.     

Implementation of Antibullying Legislation in Iowa Schools: A Qualitative Examination of School Administrators’ Perceived Barriers and Facilitators

Adolescent bullying is linked to numerous adverse psychosocial effects that can persist into adulthood. In response to this problem, in 2007 Iowa adopted an antibullying statute requiring all school districts to adopt an antibullying policy. From 2013–2014, 47 semistructured interviews were conducted with school and district administrators in Iowa. Administrators identified many policy implementation challenges including limited funding and staff, and difficulties selecting prevention programs, applying the law’s bullying definition in investigations, and understanding the school’s jurisdiction for policy enforcement. Contextual barriers to implementation (e.g., media portrayals of bullying and parental attitudes) also emerged. This is the first study to use the interactive systems framework to examine antibullying law implementation, highlighting the importance of coordination among research translators, supportive organizations, and on-the-ground implementers.     

惩罚之外：恢复性司法理念在校园欺凌中的适用

校园欺凌已经成为世界各国面临的主要难题,其发生频率之高、受害人数之多无不使人感到恐惧。传统的解决模式主要是集惩罚、教育和培训于一体的措施,但收效甚微。恢复性司法理念融入了一系列的恢复性措施,允许学校成员积极参与欺凌者和受欺凌者的和解会议并发表意见,着重补偿损失、修复社会关系,具有解决校园欺凌的天然优势,且符合学校的设立初衷,能很好修复受损的同学关系。虽然面临众多质疑,但恢复性司法理念在解决校园欺凌中有不可比拟的优势,对于解决校园欺凌也将会有不可估量的作用。     

Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: A General Strain Theory Perspective

Cyber bullying has become more pervasive as a result of advances in communication technology such as email, text messaging, chat rooms, and social media sites. Despite the growth in research on correlates associated with engagement in cyber bullying, few studies test the applicability of criminological theories to explain engagement in cyber bullying. This study applies data from the 2009/2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study to examine whether individual and social factors associated with general strain theory explain why children engage in cyber bullying. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify significant factors associated with engagement in cyber bullying. The multivariate logistic regression results show that students who experienced strain engage in cyber bullying. The regression analysis also shows a positive relationship between participation in traditional bullying and engagement in cyber bullying.