法学本科实践教学的反思与深化路径

传统的法学本科教学模式在教学目录中列有实践教学课程,但是,来自于司法实务界和社会实践的反馈表明,法学本科重理论说教、轻实践操作运用的教学模式培养出的法学本科生大多都难以适应国家法治建设和经济建设发展的需要。面对新世纪国家法治建设和经济全球化的现实,本文认为,高等学校法学院应当转变传统的教学模式,进一步深化和完善法学本科实践教学机制,以培养符合时代需求的应用型法律人才。     

从重“曹、韩遗迹”到“天厩万匹皆吾师”:王世贞“自然”思想探赜

从重曹、韩遗迹到天厩万匹皆吾师,是王世贞由重字师向重心师的一大转变,这一转变是通过对自然思想的提倡来进行的。王世贞自然思想的形成经历了漫长的过程:其早年热衷学习前人经典,以此获取创作灵感;晚年受昙阳子三教合一思想影响,摆脱了模写经典的程式化写作,弱化秦汉盛唐等取法对象,强调抒写真情,追求恬淡的创作风格。王世贞自然思想注重学习过程的积累,经由苦思琢磨再到自得,经由师古再到师心。     

论法理学教材编写理念的更新

中国法理学教材的编写经历过一个曲折的发展历程。目前教材编写理念已逐渐开始从学科建构向人才培养转变。人才培养角度教材编写理念应发生如下转变：从传授知识到启发思考的转变、从知识记忆到能力获得的转变、从被动灌输到主动探索的转变、从求同思维向求异思维的转变。要完成这些转变就应当按法理学问题而不是按法理学知识来组织教材编写,以此激发学生问题意识,引导学生对问题的思考,从而使学生形成法理学思维的习惯。     

PRECOCIOUS ROLE ENTRY AS A MEDIATING FACTOR IN WOMEN'S METHAMPHETAMINE USE: IMPLICATIONS FOR LIFE‐COURSE AND PATHWAYS RESEARCH*

Precocious adoption of adult roles and responsibilities at an early age often has been linked to substance abuse and criminal behavior. Yet, much of the existing research suggests that early offending behaviors induce precocious movement into adulthood; less attention has focused on the way in which early adoption of adult roles and responsibilities might itself contribute to the onset of offending. In the following article, we examine the cumulative impact of early transitions into adult roles and responsibilities on the onset of methamphetamine (MA) use. Through inductive analyses of interviews with women methamphetamine users, we identified a range of adult roles and responsibilities that women described as facilitating their initiation into MA use, including family caretaking, motherhood, independent living, and peer and romantic associations with adults. Such findings have theoretical implications for both life‐course perspectives and feminist pathways research. They highlight the importance of attending to the timing and sequencing of experiences as well as highlight the gendered nature of these processes.     

ADOLESCENT VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION AND PRECOCIOUS UNION FORMATION*

This article bridges scholarship in criminology and family sociology by extending arguments about “precocious exits” from adolescence to consider early union formation as a salient outcome of violent victimization for youths. Research indicates that early union formation is associated with several negative outcomes; yet the absence of attention to union formation as a consequence of violent victimization is noteworthy. We address this gap by drawing on life course theory and data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to examine the effect of violent victimization (“street” violence) on the timing of first coresidential union formation—differentiating between marriage and cohabitation—in young adulthood. Estimates from Cox proportional hazard models show that adolescent victims of street violence experience higher rates of first union formation, especially marriage, early in the transition to adulthood; however, this effect declines with age, as such unions become more normative. Importantly, the effect of violent victimization on first union timing is robust to controls for nonviolent delinquency, substance abuse, and violent perpetration. We conclude by discussing directions for future research on the association between violent victimization and coresidential unions with an eye toward the implications of such early union formation for desistance.     

计算机公共技能课程改革探讨

"计算机公共课技能训练"课程改革,其内容针对我院非信息技术类专业学生的计算机技能培养。目前高职高专计算机应用基础教学课程的教学目标以提高学生就业能力为目的,以一系列贴近实际应用的案例为主线,通过任务驱动的教学模式组织教学。     

大学语文教学中多媒体的应用与思考

多媒体作为一种现代化教学手段进入大学课堂是对传统教学模式的一场深刻革命,因此引起了教育界的专家学者和广大教师以及学生的普遍关注。本文仅以多媒体在大学语文教学中的应用为切入点,探讨其使用的方式和发挥的效用以及使用中应当重视的几个共性问题。     

Forensic applications of infrared imaging for the detection and recording of latent evidence

We report on a simple method to record infrared (IR) reflected images in a forensic science context. Light sources using ultraviolet light have been used previously in the detection of latent prints, but the use of infrared light has been subjected to less investigation. IR light sources were used to search for latent evidence and the images were captured by either video or using a digital camera with a CCD array sensitive to IR wavelength. Bloodstains invisible to the eye, inks, tire prints, gunshot residue, and charred document on dark background are selected as typical matters that may be identified during a forensic investigation. All the evidence types could be detected and identified using a range of photographic techniques. In this study, a one in eight times dilution of blood could be detected on 10 different samples of black cloth. When using 81 black writing inks, the observation rates were 95%, 88% and 42% for permanent markers, fountain pens and ball-point pens, respectively, on the three kinds of dark cloth. The black particles of gunshot residue scattering around the entrance hole under IR light were still observed at a distance of 60 cm from three different shooting ranges. A requirement of IR reflectivity is that there is a contrast between the latent evidence and the background. In the absence of this contrast no latent image will be detected, which is similar to all light sources. The use of a video camera allows the recording of images either at a scene or in the laboratory. This report highlights and demonstrates the robustness of IR to detect and record the presence of latent evidence.     

Validation of LAB color mode as a nondestructive method to differentiate black ballpoint pen inks

Nondestructive digital processing methods such as lab color mode (available in Adobe Photoshop) are emerging as alternative methods for forensic document examiners to use when attempting to differentiate writing instrument inks. Although these techniques appear to be viable, little data currently exists regarding the known or potential error rates associated with these techniques. Without adequate data, the validity and reliability of these techniques, including lab color, can not be established. In an attempt to begin to address these issues, 44 black ballpoint ink pens were obtained and used to create 990 pen-pair samples for analysis using established lab color mode techniques. No erroneous findings of "different" were reported following the examination of the known pen-pair combinations in which the same pen was used to create the samples (n = 44). Of the remaining 946 samples, 737 pen-pair samples were differentiated using the lab color mode method, while 209 samples were unable to be differentiated and were recorded as either being "similar" (n = 153) or "unsure" (n = 56). Comparison of the lab color mode results with the results obtained through additional testing using traditional infrared reflectance and infrared luminescence test methods showed that lab color differentiated 102 pen-pair samples (11%; 102/946) that were not differentiated using a VSC-4C.     

Writing the Rwandan Genocide: The Justice and Politics of Witnessing after the Event

This paper tries to read together three texts that refer to the Rwandan genocide and to draw attention to certain paradoxes that emerge from the way in which the texts might be said to talk to and past each other. The overall intention is to throw light on the complications in witnessing such an event, and to themes of justice and politics that arise.