THE ROLE OF TURNING POINTS IN ESTABLISHING BASELINE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PEOPLE IN DEVELOPMENTAL AND LIFE‐COURSE CRIMINOLOGY

Turning points, between‐person differences, and within‐person changes have all been linked to desistance from crime. Nevertheless, the means through which between‐person differences are frequently captured in life‐course criminology makes them intertwined with, and perhaps confounded by, turning points in life. We propose that a new way of capturing the between‐person effect—the baseline between‐person difference—could benefit theoretically informed tests of developmental and life‐course issues in criminology. Because they occur at one time point immediately preceding a turning point in life, we demonstrate that baseline between‐person differences establish meaningful theoretical connections to behavior and the way people change over time. By using panel data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, we estimate models capturing within‐person change and baseline between‐person differences in social bonds (family support) and differential association (peer criminality) at the time of release from prison. The results demonstrate that baseline levels of family support protect people from postrelease substance use but not from crime. Baseline between‐person differences and within‐person changes in peer criminality, however, are robustly related to crime and substance use. Collectively, baseline between‐person differences seem critical for behavior and within‐person change over time, and the results carry implications for reentry‐based policy as well as for theory testing in developmental criminology more broadly.     

Engraved Suicide Notes: The Last Note Written on Body by Metallic Object

“ Suicide notes” are the notes, where the victim has documented the intention to terminate one's own life. The victim generally writes them on a paper, notebook, wall, or mirror by means of pen or marker. However, suicide notes written on one's own body are very rare, and suicide note engraved by some metallic objects over body has not yet reported. We present two cases where the victim had used some metallic objects to write a message on the body. These may be termed “engraved suicide notes.” We believe these to be the first reported cases where a metallic object was used for engraving the last notes on the body before committing suicide.     

THE INFLUENCE OF EARLY SCHOOL PUNISHMENT AND THERAPY/MEDICATION ON SOCIAL CONTROL EXPERIENCES DURING YOUNG ADULTHOOD

The use of suspensions and expulsions by American public school administrators has increased dramatically over the past 40 years. Meanwhile, a growing number of childhood misbehaviors have been diagnosed by doctors as medical conditions and are being treated with therapy or medication. As these trends develop at different rates for boys of different racial and ethnic groups, the connection between childhood and adult social control remains untested empirically. By using a prospective panel of 3,274 White, Black, and Hispanic males (15,675 person‐years) and multilevel logistic models, I examine whether and how school punishment and/or the use of therapy or medication during childhood contributes to involvement in the criminal justice or mental health systems during young adulthood. The findings suggest that school punishment is associated with greater odds of involvement in the criminal justice system but not the mental health system. The use of therapy and/or medication during childhood is associated with higher odds of involvement in the mental health system but not the criminal justice system. Finally, although the relationship between school punishment and involvement with the criminal justice system is similar for White, Black, and Hispanic men, the relationship between medicalized social control during childhood and young adulthood is stronger for Whites than for non‐Whites.     

警务实战应用型人才课程体系探析

课程体系是全面反映学校教育观和人才观的教学规划,是实现人才培养目标的基础和依托。警务实战应用型人才课程体系建构,必须以公安职业岗位职责要求和能力培养为主线,优化课程体系,整合教学内容,强化实践教学,在铸就忠诚警魂的过程中进一步完善课内外教育体系,达到学生的全面发展。     

论我国选举文化的三个层次

选举文化作为政治文化的一个分支,是一个民族在特定时期流行的一套选举态度、信仰和感情.选举文化可以分解为三个层次,即选举体系文化、选举过程文化,以及选举政策文化.正确系统地了解当前我国的选举文化,可以使选民们更加清楚地内省自己的选举态度、信仰和感情,从而为逐步完善我国的选举体系营造一个良好的社会氛围.     

公安院校《毛泽东思想概论》实践教学探析

实践教学可以分为课内实践教学与课外实践教学两部分,它是《毛泽东思想概论》课中十分重要的环节。作为教学的一种途径和手段,实践教学在传授知识的同时,可激发学员的学习兴趣,能较好地达到预期教学目的。公安院校的学员是未来的人民警察,为使他们把理论与实践很好地结合起来、更好的服务社会,实践课显得尤为重要。文章对实践教学的多种形式以及在此过程中所遇到的问题及对策作了探讨与分析。     

加速我国城市化进程的对策探讨

目前 ,我国城市化发展一直处于严重滞后状态 ,日益影响到我国社会经济的进一步发展 ,因此必须采取调整和完善现有城市化方针 ;加快户籍制度改革 ,促进城乡人口合理流动 ;深化土地制度改革 ,提高农业现代化水平 ;推动乡镇企业适当集中 ;加快发展教育事业等措施 ,以加速我国城市化进程     

公文语体风格的形成

公文因交际的需要和社会功能的作用,形成公文语体。公文语体的形成在它的内部因素上主要表现在:书面语的大量运用,文言词语的保留用法的运用,专业术语的运用,整句和长句子的运用,有句型整饬的修辞方法等方面,从而使公文语体具有简明、准确、庄重、规范的特色。     

中国共产党关于中国特色社会主义经济的认识历程——兼论中国特色社会主义制度的经济内涵

中国特色社会主义制度概念的提出,既是对此前中国共产党探索中国特色社会主义的制度化总结,又是新的探索起点。中国特色社会主义制度在经济方面的内涵,是对中国共产党从＂以苏为鉴＂背景下的商品生产到有计划的商品经济,再到社会主义市场经济,最后到完善宏观调控与民生转向这一认识全过程的总结,包括基础、主体、工具及目标等四个基本点。     

当代新疆少数民族动物书写的民族审美情感

新时期以来,新疆少数民族作家借助动物书写表现了一系列与民族命运、民族生存、民族精神以及民族生命形态息息相关的情感。一方面,因为民族审美情感心理,作者以物观人,以动物命运反映民族在面对生存危机时所做出的命运博弈,折射出民族传统习俗与未来变革之间的不断碰撞;另一方面,因为民族审美情感倾向,作家们企图让动物站在一个与人类错拥的位置,来揭示民族人性中的伪善与猥琐,突出民族生命意识的原生态和民族生命精神的传承。