Developmental Benefits of Extracurricular Involvement: Do Peer Characteristics Mediate the Link Between Activities and Youth Outcomes?

In this article, we test: (a) the relation between school-based extracurricular participation and indicators of positive and negative development across a range of activity contexts, and (b) a mediation model linking activity participation, prosocial peers, and development. Extensive survey information was collected from a predominately White sample of middle class adolescents in 9th, 10th, and 12th grades. Extracurricular participation was related to more favorable academic, psychological, and behavioral adjustment; the pattern of findings differed by activity and outcome. In addition, we documented some support for the hypothesis that the link between extracurricular participation and positive adjustment is partly a function of associating with a prosocial peer group. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are presented. Assistant Professor of Human Development, Connecticut College. Received her PhD in 1999 from the University of Michigan. Major research interests include motivation, school engagement, extracurricular participation, and adolescent development. MacKeachie Collegiate Psychology Professor, University of Michigan. Received PhD in 1974 from the UCLA. Recent work focuses on ethnicity and the transitions from middle childhood to adolescence and into adulthood.     

Measurement Properties of the Communities That Care<Superscript>®</Superscript> Youth Survey Across Demographic Groups

Prevention science has produced information about risk and protective factors that predict adolescent drug use and related problem behaviors. This paper investigates the Communities That Care Youth Survey that measures multiple risk and protective factors. Using a sample of 172,628 students who participated in surveys administered in seven states in 1998, analyses were conducted to test the factor structure of these risk and protective factors and to test the equivalence of the factor models across five racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, Caucasians, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans), four grade levels (6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th) and both gender groups. Results support the construct validity of the surveys risk and protective factor scales and indicate that the measures are equally reliable across males and females and five racial/ethnic groups. Implications of these findings for science-based prevention planning are discussed.     

当代青年的接受特点与邓小平理论教育方式的选择

社会主义现代化建设的新阶段实践呼唤青年政治理论教育方式的创新。改革开放的新环境塑造了当代青年的富有时代气息的接受特点。实践经验表明,只有根据当代青年的接受特点,在邓小平理论、"三个代表"重要思想的教育方式上不断创新,才能取得应有的成效。     

中国青年政策执行过程的初步研究--史密斯模型的一个解释

中国青年政策执行过程中"理想化的政策"、"执行机构"、"目标群体"和"政策环境"四个方面存在着互动关系,而造成青年政策执行现状的本质原因是利益互动,要改善青年政策的系统环境,最根本的是要从利益的角度分析,在四个方面分别采取对策.     

Examining Space–Time Interaction in City-Level Homicide Data: Crack Markets and the Diffusion of Guns Among Youth

This paper examines the linkage between crack market activity and gunhomicide suggested by Blumstein (1995), who argues that the arrival ofcrack stimulated an increased availability of guns among juveniles. Thisgreater availability of guns, the argument continues, is responsible for thesharp upswing in juvenile homicide experienced in the United States in themid-1980s. Using city-level data on crack arrests and gun-related juvenilehomicide, we fit a change-point version of the Bass (1969) model ofinnovation diffusion. We find that, in most large American cities, thediffusion process for crack cocaine experienced an onset of dramatic growththat was followed by a similar, slightly slower growth in gun homicidescommitted by juveniles. We further use cluster analysis to find that thespatial patterning of the two processes is similar, starting on the East andWest Coasts and working their way toward other regions of the nation. Gunuse in homicide among slightly older offenders (ages 18–24) alsoexperienced a change at roughly the same time as the juveniles, but the rateof diffusion was considerably milder than for the younger group; offendersages 25 or older generally show no growth in gun-related homicide whatsoever. In addition, there is no detectable surge in juvenile nongun homicide activity. Based on these findings, we conclude that the crack cocaine markets–gun availability linkage is highly plausible, and we suggest directions for future research in clarifying the dynamics of the late-1980s surge in juvenile homicide.     

物质世界的消极冷漠与网络社会的积极主动——中国青年政治参与的两面性分析

相对于传统的物质世界，网络社会是一个全新的、数字化的社会。当代中国青年的政治参与在这两个社会形态中，呈现出消极冷漠和积极主动两种截然不同的态势。对青年政治参与的两极现象我们应该有客观的、清醒的、辨证的认识，以引导青年追求适度的、与政治制度水平相适应的政治参与，这不仅取决于青年政治参与能力的提高，也有赖于政治体制的发展。     

资源型地区农村青年就业状况分析——基于河北省Z县S村的调查

良好的资源环境和较多的就业机会，使资源型地区的多数农村青年选择留乡就业。但由于农村青年自身的某种局限，以及有色资源的不可再生，资源型地区的农村劳动力就业需要寻求新的机遇和新的增长点。在以工促农、以城带乡的发展阶段，进一步调整农村经济结构，大力发展农村服务业，可以为资源型地区农村青年就近转移就业提供一些前瞻性思路。     

浙江省“青少年空间”试点项目现状分析

通过对浙江省＂青少年空间＂试点工作现状的分析,总结经验和分析存在的问题,对＂青少年空间＂在职业化和专业化方面作深入思考,发挥试点的作用,加快＂青少年空间＂项目在全国各地的推广工作,促进青少年社会工作的发展。     

网络的负面影响与青少年犯罪——以犯罪心理学为视角

青少年对网络信息的消极选择、在网络社会的消极互动、不良心理意识在网上的强化及网络造成的青少年社会化的缺陷,是青少年犯罪心理形成不可忽视的因素。加强网络的管理,加强青少年健康上网的引导,重视青少年不良心理意识的疏导,是预防青少年犯罪发生的有效途径。