青年政策研究论纲

青年政策是国家社会公共政策的重要组成部分,青年政策研究则是确保科学的有效青年政策制定的前提。通过对青年政策研究范畴的阐述与对青年政策研究特点的分析,以及对青年政策研究的若干思考,勾划出进一步搞好政策研究的理念和思路。     

和谐社会视域中共青团的媒介作用

共青团在建设和谐社会中发挥作用的一个重要途径,是充当青年与其他社会要素之间形成和谐关系的媒介,主要包括执政党与青年之间的媒介、青年人群互相之间的媒介、青年与社会之间的媒介、以及青年与和谐社会合格主体之间角色转换的媒介。     

青年民工思想政治工作初析

青年民工是我国城市化过程中出现的新的特殊群体 ,目前存在许多问题 ,这是由农村到城市的转换造成的不适应 ,做好青年民工的思想政治工作可以引导他们正确认识社会 ,提高自身素质 ,适应新的城市工作和生活 ,是解决青年民工存在问题的重要方面。做好青年民工思想政治工作 ,有五种途径可资采用。     

Validity and reliability of the Self-Report Delinquency among a sample of at-risk youths

Self-Report Delinquency scales have formed the basis of much understanding of juvenile delinquency today, but further improvement and extensive measurement research on self-report measures of crime are needed. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the shorter general delinquency scale version of the classic commonly used Self-Report of Delinquency (SRD) measure created for the original National Youth Survey (NYS) using a sample (N = 412) of male (n = 200) and female (n = 212) at-risk Portuguese youths. The shorter version of the SRD demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability, namely in terms of its latent one-factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, divergent validity, concurrent criterion validity and discriminant groups validity that overall justifies its use among this population. The shorter general delinquency scale version of the SRD is a valid and reliable measure from a modern psychometric perspective that can be used with at-risk youths.     

新时代中国青年历史使命的理论内涵与实践指向

近代以来,在救亡图存和民族解放的历史进程中,中国青年勇于担负起历史使命,在马克思主义落地生根和新中国成立的历史画卷上留下了浓墨重彩、青春活泼的一笔。继承着前人所托付的历史重任,承载着中国人民追求美好生活和社会主义现代化强国的理想,新时代中国青年正在成为中国特色社会主义实践中不可忽视的力量。在前所未有的良好物质条件和制度优势下,只有通过“树立远大理想”“勇于砥砺奋斗”“炼就过硬本领”,才能实现理想性和现实性的统一;只有通过“热爱伟大祖国”“担当时代责任”“锤炼品德修为”,才能实现个人价值和社会价值的统一。党的十八大以来,随着我国针对青年的培养机制的不断完善,在社会主义核心价值体系的引领下,新时代中国青年已经开始展现出爱国、立志、勤学、修德、创新、笃实的实践理路,这必将推动当代青年逐渐成长为既能够坚持理想、不忘初心,又能够与时俱进、善于创新的新时代弄潮儿。     

The Correctional Experiences of Youth in Adult and Juvenile Prisons

This article analyzes data from interviews with inmates to examine the correctional experiences of young men incarcerated through criminal (adult) courts in a large Northeastern state. The sample (N = 95) includes respondents from five correctional institutions; some of these inmates have been sentenced to adult department of corrections facilities, and some to juvenile facilities operated by the state's children's services bureau. Relative to the adult facilities, the juvenile facilities are smaller, have much lower inmate‐to‐staff ratios, and they place greater emphasis (in their official guidelines) on treatment, counseling, education, and mentoring of inmates. As a result, one might expect juvenile‐facility inmates to report a relatively more supportive, mentoring‐focused style of staff–inmate interactions than adult‐facility inmates. Yet surprisingly, inmates in adult facilities report better access to education and treatment/counseling services offered in their facilities.     

Is the Nexus of Gang Membership,Exposure to Violence,and Violent Behavior a Key Determinant of First Time Gun Carrying for Urban Minority Youth?

Two waves of longitudinal data from a high-poverty sample of minority youth living in extreme poverty was used to determine if the nexus (or intersection) of gang membership T1, exposure to violence T1, and violent behavior T1 is a precursor of first time gun carrying T2. The findings indicated a significant amount of overlap between gang membership, exposure to violence, and violent behavior. The multivariate findings also revealed that: (1) the effect of exposure to violence T1 on initiation of gun carrying T2 became non-significant after controlling for gang membership T1 and violent behavior T1; and (2) only 1.8% of youth were part of the nexus of gang membership T1, exposure to violence T1, and violent behavior T1, but they were 665% more likely to initiate gun carrying T2. The theoretical and policy implications of the findings for the prevention of youth gun violence as well as areas for future research are also discussed.     

Youth Behavior,School Structure,and Student Risk of Victimization

Although a growing body of research on student safety focuses on school disorder, school climate, and the intersection of community/situational factors, comparatively less research has focused specifically on the individual‐ and school‐level factors that put students at risk of victimization in the immediate school environ. The present study is an attempt to broaden our understanding of the contribution of schools and school behavior to the victimization experiences of students. We compare traditional routine activity constructs to understand whether and how they differentially influence the risk of community and school victimization. Additionally, we investigate what school‐related variables (behavioral and structural) explain variation in young people’s risk for school victimization.     

John Dewey on experience: a critical resource for the theory and practice of youth civic engagement

Research on youth civic engagement often sees the everyday lives of young people as barriers to civic engagement. Recent qualitative approaches have drawn attention to the civic and political dimensions of young people's everyday lives. This is a crucial insight, but cannot – by itself – answer a key question: just how is it that everyday experience can be transformed into civic engagement? I argue that John Dewey's theory of experience makes two key contributions toward answering this question. First, Dewey's situational understanding of experience directs us to the concrete conditions of everyday life as the necessary groundwork and starting point for civic engagement. Second, his concept of reflective experience helps us understand how taken for granted assumptions about political and social life can be transformed into more active forms of engagement. I illustrate this argument by drawing on selected findings from a qualitative study of young people's experience in Public Achievement, a civic engagement initiative.     

区域文化环境对青年创业的激励研究——以绍兴地区为例

绍兴历史文化源远流长,长期的生产实践和社会实践形成了绍兴特有的文化传统。绍兴人能够在恶劣的自然环境、激烈的市场竞争中脱颖而出,并形成"坚韧不拔、奋发图强、崇尚科学、务实创新"的越商精神。随着经济社会的发展,区域文化正对当代青年创业起着深远的影响。