Measuring the Geographical Displacement and Diffusion of Benefit Effects of Crime Prevention Activity

The displacement of crime is an important criminological phenomenon. However, while there has been theoretical discussion of this issue in the research literature, there has been little in the way of either standardized empirical work that investigates the incidence of displacement or in the development of techniques that can be used to measure it. In the current paper we discuss a new technique, the weighted displacement quotient (WDQ), that was developed to measure the geographical displacement of crime. A critical feature of the rationale is that displacement can only be attributed to crime prevention activity if crime is reduced in the target area considered. Thus, the WDQ not only measures what occurs in a buffer (displacement) zone but also relates changes in this area to those in the target area. Part of the appeal of the measure is that it can be used either with aggregate or disaggregate crime data and for any geographical boundary selected, provided the appropriate data are available. In addition to detecting displacement, when detailed data are available, the technique can also be used to identify where the effect was most prominent. The WDQ can equally be used to measure the diffusion of benefit of any crime prevention activity. A series of examples are presented for illustration purposes.     

Zurechnung von Einkünften aus Vermietung und Verpachtung

Wird eine Eigentumswohnung vermietet, so sind die Einkünfte und Ums?tze daraus zwar nicht zwingend dem Alleineigentümer der Eigentumswohnung zuzurechnen, doch bedarf es für die Zurechnung an eine andere Person konkreter und wirksamer Rechtsgründe. Das ist beispielsweise bei Einr?umung eines Fruchtgenusses der Fall.     

人血浆中氟康唑的高效液相色谱分析

目的建立血浆中氟康唑的高效液相色谱分析方法。方法以正常空白人血浆添加标准氟康唑及内标物对样品的前处理方法、仪器测试条件、定性定量分析方法进行考察和优化。对10名健康受试者单剂量口服氟康唑的药代谢动力学进行测定。结果血浆中氟康唑在0.25~10.0μg/ml范围内线性关系良好(r=0.9986);定量检测的浓度下限是0.25μg/ml;检出限为0.1μg/ml;分析方法的精密度日内RSD≤2.9%、日间RSD≤8.3%(n=5);氟康唑在血液中的相对回收率在97.0±2.8%和108.4±2.4%之间;结论所建高效液相色谱分析方法准确、便捷,适应于法医学鉴定、临床血药浓度监测和药代动力学研究。     

重建共犯本质理论逻辑基点——关于德日共犯本质理论逻辑基点的否定

刑事古典学派所追求的最高价值--个人权利和刑事近代学派所追求的最高价值--整体社会利益--防卫社会,是两种对立的价值观.若以此作为共犯本质理论的逻辑基点,不可能达到共犯本质理论的公正性与合理性,因为新旧两派的思想基础并非是整个人类社会都认同的刑法理论的基础价值.由于法官中立价值能够达成全社会的"共识",具有达到共犯本质理论公正性与合理性的可能性,因而,应该以"法官中立价值"作为共犯本质理论的逻辑基点.     

苯并二氮类药物及其主要代谢物的薄层色谱分析

目的建立饮料、血、尿中 11种常见苯并二氮类药物及尿中 7种主要代谢物的薄层色谱分析法(HPTLC)。方法分析物采用GDX10 1树脂进行固相萃取 ,乙醚作为洗脱溶剂。苯 :丙酮 (10∶6)等作为展开体系 ,改良碘化铋钾显色。结果所建方法绝对灵敏度 0 3～ 0 6μg,尿检出限 0 4～ 1 0 μg/ml、血检出限 0 6～ 1 0 μg/ml、饮料检出限 0 4～ 0 8μg/ml。结论HPTLC法简便、快速 ,适合作为常规毒物分析方法     

The Politics of U.S.–UN Reengagement: Achieving Gains in a Hostile Environment

From 1999 to 2001, the United States actively tried to improve its image and role in the United Nations (UN). This was a difficult process due to the many areas of disagreement between the United States and other UN members. However, throughout this period, the focus of reengagement was centered on resolving the large and longstanding U.S. arrears to the UN. While the United States was not able to achieve everything it desired, this period of reengagement resulted in new scales of assessment for the UN's regular and peacekeeping budgets that were much more favorable to the United States. This article draws on practitioner interviews to analyze the U.S. campaign to resolve its arrears, most specifically focusing on six factors that explain why the United States was able to achieve so much in the face of such an inhospitable environment at the UN. In doing so, the article identifies several areas where scholars and practitioners are highlighting similar dynamics, and it uncovers important policy implications for future U.S. efforts to push other UN members in directions that they may not be eager to go. These policy implications are especially relevant for current U.S.–UN relations given the U.S. failure to secure Security Council authorization for the use of force against Iraq in March 2003 .     

3个Y-STR的复合扩增及其单倍型

目的 建立复合扩增Y-STR基因座的体系,获得广东汉族人的单倍型频率。方法 复合扩增DYS439、DYS437和DYS434三个基因座,用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳银染法进行基因分型,检测广东汉族327名无关男性个体的单倍型。结果 3个基因座分别检出6个、4个和4个等位基因,共38种单倍型,其单倍型的个体识别率为0.8796。结论 Y-STR基因座复合扩增体系和建立的Y染色体STR数据库,在法医学鉴定中有应用意义。     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1成熟外膜蛋白H基因原核表达最适条件的探索

应用PCR扩增出禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48 1成熟外膜蛋白H基因(ompmH),将ompmH片段按正确的阅读框定向插入原核表达载体pGEX 6p 1中谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)基因的下游,获得了重组表达质粒pGEX ompmH。然后将重组质粒转化大肠埃希氏菌BL21(DE3),当转化菌的D600nm值达到0.6～0.8时,对异丙基硫代 β D 半乳糖苷(IPTG)的诱导浓度、诱导时间和诱导温度等条件进行了试验,根据聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳判定融合蛋白GST ompmH表达的最适条件。结果,当细菌的D600nm值为0.6～0.8时,IPTG最佳诱导浓度为0.8mmol L,最佳诱导时间为4h,最适诱导温度为25℃。并用免疫印迹法对表达产物进行检测,结果显示表达的融合蛋白GST ompmH能与C48 1外膜蛋白免疫血清发生特异性反应,证明pGEX 6p 1载体表达的融合蛋白保留了天然蛋白的抗原性。     

An evaluation of the quality of impact assessment in the European Union with lessons for the US and the EU

Governments throughout the world are requiring greater use of economic analysis as a way of informing policy decisions. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the use of impact assessment in the European Union, using US assessments as a benchmark. We find that recent EU impact assessments include more economic information than they did in the past, although important items are still missing. We also provide evidence that the quality of EU impact assessment increases with the expected cost of a proposal. Furthermore, we find that the quality of EU assessments that report high total costs is similar to that of US assessments.     

Jedem Wohnungseigentümer vertraglich gegenüber dem WE-Organisator zustehende Gewährleistungs- und Schadenersatzansprüche an allgemeinen Teilen der WE-Liegenschaft sind durch Mehrheitsbeschluss gerichtlich durchsetzbar

Nach stRsp ist jeder Wohnungseigentümer aus seinem Kaufvertrag heraus zur Geltendmachung von Gew?hrleistungs- und Schadenersatzansprüchen gegenüber dem WE-Organisator auch an allgemeinen Teilen der WE-Liegenschaft aktivlegitimiert. Die Mehrheit der Wohnungseigentümer kann sowohl die prozessuale Geltendmachung dieser Ansprüche (hier: auf Schadenersatz aus mangelhaft durchgeführten Sanierungsarbeiten) beschlie?en als auch deren Durchsetzung nach § 18 Abs 2 WEG 2002 idF WRN 2006 an die Eigentümergemeinschaft abtreten. Ein vertraglicher Gew?hrleistungsausschluss steht § 38 Abs 1 WEG 2002 (§ 24 Abs 1 WEG 1975) entgegen und ist somit rechtsunwirksam. Diese Bestimmung ist nicht nur auf neu zu errichtende WE-Anlagen anzuwenden.