仁学VS儒学：论孔孟区分于五经和宋明的必要——从符号学和解释学角度看

一百年来各种不同类型的儒学研究均认同<论语>的思想,因此<论语>宜于成为今日儒学各派求同存异的基础.为了强调<论语>的基本性和普适性,有必要首先区分由儒学(四书五经和宋明理学)与仁学(孔孟原始思想)所分别代表的两个不同"学科对象".仁学对象和儒学对象的区隔,或仁学从儒学中的分离,还可有助于孔子伦理学思想和现代社会-学术-思想的实际"接轨",以使作为纯伦理学思想的仁学得以有效参与世界范围内的学术思想理论交流.仁学除了作为孔孟学之原始对象外,经合理的现代化解释后,还可以作为人类普适的现世伦理理想模型而推广于世界.儒学是一种特殊的民族历史经验,仁学则内涵着一种普遍的人性经验.     

中国人红细胞δ-氨基乙酰丙酸脱水酶表型及基因频率研究

本文报道了应用混合淀粉凝胶电泳对中国人红细胞ALADH表型及基因频率的研究。在技术上作了某些改进,酶谱仍清晰易于定型。研究结果:ALADH~1=0.359;ALADH~2=0.641,与国外资料比较有显著性差异。     

头发中检验海洛因代谢物应用于吸毒时间的推断

运用气／质联用-选择离子（GC／MS－SIM）技术对吸食或注射海洛因嫌疑人的头发进行分段分析，根据各段头发中是否检出6-单乙酰吗啡和吗啡，并结合头发的生长速度对吸毒时间作出大致推断。该方法专一性较好，检出下限0．5ng／mg，能够推断出剪取吸毒嫌疑人头发前几个月或某一个时期内是否经常性服用海洛因。     

早期心肌缺血心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白的免疫组织化学观察

目的探讨心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)对早期心肌缺血诊断的灵敏性。方法应用免疫组织化学技术对正常心脏、心肌梗死及其它怀疑有心肌缺血的心肌细胞内H-FABP和肌红蛋白(Mb)的变化进行研究。结果正常对照组均无明显的缺失,心肌梗死组均出现明显的缺失,9例可疑心肌缺血病例中有3例出现H-FABP明显的缺失,3例出现可疑缺失,有4例出现Mb明显的缺失,2例出现可疑缺失,说明H-FABP可用于诊断早期心肌缺血。结论H-FABP用于诊断早期心肌缺血具有较好的灵敏性。     

机体死亡后组织细胞DNA含量与死亡时间推断

早期死亡时间的推断方法有许多,但近年来通过测量组织细胞DNA含量的变化规律来推断早期死亡时间越来越引起人们的注意。本文就常见的细胞DNA含量的检测方法、变化规律及其在实践中的应用情况加以论述,并对不同检测方法和实际应用效果、前景加以评定。     

The use of bloodhounds in determining the impact of genetics and the environment on the expression of human odortype

Bloodhounds are used to trail fleeing felons and missing persons. In order to start a trail, the dog must be presented with a person's scent. There are many hypotheses on what a bloodhound smells while trailing. The present study attempts to identify whether human scent is genetic, and if it is influenced by one's environment. Bloodhounds trained in human scent discrimination were used to differentiate between monozygotic twins, related and nonrelated persons, living together and apart. The first test required the dogs to run blind trails after being presented with the scent of one person in the pair, while the opposite person was hidden. The second test allowed the dogs to trail one person in the pair after both people were hidden. Results appear to demonstrate that bloodhounds rely heavily on genetic cues when differentiating between people. Environmental cues do not appear to significantly aid the bloodhound in scent discrimination.     

The evidential value of black cotton fibres

Forensic scientists are faced with the problem of estimating the frequency of cotton fibres recovered in casework, in relation to those in the general population. One way of doing this is to consider the degree of spectral variation that occurs within a "block of colour". When a spectral pattern occurs very frequently, the evidential value of the fibres may be so low, that it is not worth considering them as target fibres. Using UV-visible range microspectro-photometry (MSP) spectra were recorded from 88 known black cotton dyes and 225 samples of black cotton taken from various textiles. UV-visible spectra originating from sulphur dyes and from the great majority of reactive and direct dyes can be easily recognised. Vat dyes present a little more difficulty. The degree of spectral variation and consequent discriminating power of MSP varied according to the dye class, from 0.13 for sulphur dyes to 0.93 for reactive dyes. From 99 textiles dyed with reactive dyes, the spectra could be divided into at least 40 varieties showing that these fibres have a high degree of individuality. Within the few direct dyes (11.5%) that were encountered, one basic spectral form predominated, but a number of minor variations were observed. Spectral information below 400 nm (UV-range) is important for making distinctions and is critical in the case of direct dyes.     

应用ABR法评定外伤性耳聋

本文通过对40例外伤性耳聋的症状、病变和听力检查,重点讨论了鼓膜损伤所致的听力障碍,其损伤程度不超过50dB,给法医学鉴定中耳损伤程度提供了客观数据。进一步验证了ABR检查在判定听力损失的意义,对夸大、伪聋的识别优于其它听力检查。从临床耳聋程度分类法就《人体重伤鉴定标准(试行)》中,关于听力损伤的重伤标准进行了探讨。     

高效液相色谱法测定人血清中安眠酮及其苯甲基羟化代谢物的浓度

本文建立了用反相高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)测定人血清中安眠酮及其苯甲基羟化代谢物-2-甲基-3[2-(羟甲基)-苯基]-4(3H)喹唑酮(Ⅰ)的浓度。安眠酮浓度在1-35μg/ml范围内呈直线相关(相关系数r=0.9980;回归方程y=0.06324x—0.1029),方法回收率平均为102.08±9.987(SD)％(n=5),检出限为1ng。其代谢物Ⅰ按原型安眠酮的线性浓度测定其相对量。本法为测定中毒者体内安眠酮及其代谢物Ⅰ的血浓度提供可行的手段。     

Detection of mustard gas bis(2-chloroethyl)-sulfide in urine

Extraction procedure and detection of bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide from urine samples of two patients are described using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Concentrations are found in the low ppb-range. The result is discussed in connection with the reactivity of this substance and the corresponding metabolites.