ABO位点限制性扩增片段长度多态性的研究

建立了PCR扩增、限制性酶切、8％（T）、5％（C）聚丙烯酸胺凝胶垂直电泳和银染检测ABO位点的限制性片段长度多态性的方法体系。应用Amp-RFLP技术对185名中国人（哈尔滨）ABO位点的基因频率和基因型分布进行了调查和统计分析。ABO位点特异片段长度为140～200bp，基因频率为0．2000～0．5568。6种基因型频率为0．973～0．3135，杂合度0．5838，Dp值0．7146。经H－W平衡吻合度检测，完全符合群体遗传多态分布。通过对11个家庭33名相关个体的分析，证明完全符合孟德尔遗传定律。ABO基因型检验适用于法庭科学的个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

RACIAL ANIMOSITY AND INTERRACIAL CRIME*

The primary objective of this study is to determine the effect of a victim's race on the likelihood of him or her being seriously injured during the commission of an interracial crime. We also assess the probability of a homicide occurring during an interracial crime. A multilevel city analysis shows that black offenders are no more apt than white offenders to injure their victims seriously during an interracial robbery or rape. A black offender also does not have a greater proclivity to kill his or her victim during the commission of an interracial crime. Some evidence suggests that white victims are more likely than black victims to suffer serious physical harm during an aggravated assault. Results also reveal that contextual factors related to racial animosity, such as residential segregation, white‐to‐black economic inequality, and black‐to‐white unemployment, fail to have any moderating effect on either the severity of victim injury or the likelihood of a homicide occurring during an interracial crime. Overall, the results generated in this study tend to cast doubt on the validity of racial animosity theory. Our findings also lead us to question the veracity of the oftenmade claim that black‐on‐white crimes are punished more severely because these types of offenses are somehow more heinous in circumstance. At least in regard to serious victim injury and victim death, black‐on‐white crime is no more violent than white‐on‐black crime.     

Troubling frames: Zapiro’s iconography on Oscar Pistorius as traumics

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine the comics form in relation to its representation of perpetrator trauma. Specifically, the study considers a selection of Jonathan Shapiro’s iconography on Oscar Pistorius as biograph(y)ics, since the artist ‘commixes’ Pistorius’s life from his rise to athletic fame – through the court trials for his alleged murder of Reeva Steenkamp on 14 February 2013 – to his conviction followed by a thirteen-year jail sentence on 24th November 2017. In my reading of the panels, I draw on Hilary Chute’s notion of the ethics of testimony in illustrative art and Jacques Derrida’s theorising on hauntology and the revenant to argue that wrongdoers can also experience their crimes as trauma. This critical engagement enables me to read Shapiro’s panels as not merely reinforcing dominant interpretations of the fallen hero, but also as a means by which the cartoonist destabilises and reconfigures socially accepted notions of the villain.     

What Mr. Spock told the earthlings: the aims of political philosophy,action-guidingness and fact-dependency

Abstract

Recently, G. A. Cohen introduced an influential distinction between fact-sensitive and fact-insensitive principles arguing that all basic normative principles are of the latter type. David Miller rejects this claim submitting that the validity of basic normative political principles depends on some general propositions about human nature and societies; for example, that men’s generosity is ‘confined’ and that nature has made ‘scanty provision’ for his wants. Miller ties this view of the nature of basic political principles to the view that political philosophy ought to guide people engaged in real-world politics and claims plausibly that in order to fulfil this purpose, political philosophy must be informed by social science. I argue that Miller neither succeeds in showing that basic principles can be fact-sensitive, nor establishes any connection between the Cohen-Miller disagreement on fact-sensitivity, on the one hand, and the nature and aims of political philosophy, on the other hand.     

Werbungskosten ab Vermietungsabsicht (auch bei ursprünglich selbst bewohnter und noch leerstehender Wohnung)

Ist der endgültige Entschluss, eine Wohnung zu vermieten durch ernste und nachhaltige Vermietungsbemühungen belegt, so liegen (vorab entstandene) Werbungskosten auch für die Zeit vor, in der die zun?chst selbst bewohnte Wohnung noch leer steht.     

Alleinvermietung durch Miteigentümer

Vermietet der H?fteeigentümer eines Hauses eine bestimmte Wohnung, an der ihm das alleinige Nutzungsrecht zusteht, so sind die daraus erzielten Mieteinkünfte ihm (allein) zuzurechnen. Einer Zurechnung steht nicht entgegen, dass die Vermietung eben dieser Wohnung beim Rechtsvorg?nger (beim Exgatten) Jahre zuvor als Liebhaberei beurteilt worden ist. Jedes Mietobjekt ist grunds?tzlich danach zu untersuchen, ob es eine Einkunftsquelle im Rahmen von Einkünften aus Vermietung und Verpachtung bildet.     

Molecular study of time dependent changes in DNA stability in soil buried skeletal residues

In the past years, many publications about identification and sex-determination of dry human bones by means of DNA analysis have been published. However, few studies exist that investigate the potential use of DNA technique to determine the postmortem interval (PMI). In the present study we analyzed the rate of increasingly smaller fragments of chromosomal DNA and PMI.     

蟾酥对产气肠杆菌抑制作用的方差分析和相关分析

把采自中华大蟾蜍的蟾酥用蒸馏水稀释成4、6、81、0 mg/mL共4种浓度,作为因素A,用LB液体培养基将活化的产气肠杆菌原液按1∶104和1∶105稀释,作为因素B,采用二因子(A和B)方差分析观察了蟾酥对产气肠杆菌抑菌圈直径的影响,并分析了蟾酥浓度与抑菌圈直径之间的相关关系。结果显示,蟾酥浓度与抑菌圈直径之间存在显著正相关(r=0.988~0.997);不同浓度的蟾酥溶液对产气肠杆菌均有抑制作用;且随着蟾酥浓度的升高,抑制作用加强。     

执行结构转换下的权力互动——宁波市审批制度改革的政策过程分析

在宁波市审批制度的改革过程中,削减审批事项和规范政府行为的审批制度改革(以下简称审改)是如何展开的,有哪些变量影响审改政策执行的成功与失败,这些变量之间又有着什么样的逻辑关系,通过对宁波市审改的政策过程分析,运用执行结构转换理论,对宁波市审改政策的执行过程进行了解释.认为审改政策执行是政策执行结构不断转换的过程.在审改政策的执行过程中,改革决策团体和执行团体之间是权力互动的.执行结构转换和权力互动过程是影响审改政策执行成败的因素.在宁波市审改的案例中,削减审批事项的执行结构从"有限分权"模式开始,逐渐向"有限分权与关系主导互动"模式转换;在规范政府行为时,政策执行结构又从"有限分权与关系主导互动"模式开始,逐渐向新的"有限分权"模式转换.在不同的执行结构模式下,审改决策团体和执行团体运用各自的权力资源讨价还价、策略互动的方式是不同的,从而影响到审改政策的执行结果.