Schizophrenia,AIDS and the Decision to Prescribe HAART

SUMMARY

Individuals with schizophrenia are at risk of developing HIV and are known to experience barriers to optimal medical care. Our goal was to determine, among a cohort of HIV clinicians, whether or not the diagnosis of schizophrenia affected the clinical decision to offer highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to AIDS patients.

This is a cross-sectional study of a random, national sample of HIV experts drawn from the membership of the American Academy of HIV Medicine. Participants were mailed a self-administered questionnaire with a case vignette of a new onset AIDS patient and were specifically asked whether or not they would recommend HAART treatment. Vignettes were randomly assigned to include a diagnosis of schizophrenia or not. We located 649 clinicians (93%); 347 responded (53.4%). Responders and non-responders did not differ in demographics or work characteristics. Recommendation of antiretroviral treatment did not differ between those who received a case vignette with schizophrenia versus those who did not (95.8% vs. 96.6%, p = 0.69). Compared to those who received a case vignette without schizophrenia, those who received vignettes with schizophrenia were more likely to avoid prescribing efavirenz, a medication with known neuropsychiatric side effects (17.7% vs. 45.5%, p < 0.01), more likely to agree to be helped by a specialist (34.5% vs. 12.9%, p < 0.01), and more likely to recommend directly observed therapy (20% vs.10%, p = 0.01). HIV clinicians recognize the importance of recommending HAART treatment to individuals with schizophrenia and AIDS and avoid using antiretroviral medication with known neuropsychiatric side effects.     

Resource Mobilization and the Household Economy in Kenya

This article examines the Ebola epidemic of 2014 and compares it to the initial HIV/AIDS epidemic of the 1980s. We examine similarities and differences between the two outbreaks and end with policy suggestions for future disease management.     

Exploring a Model of HIV Prevention Using a Cognitive-Behavioral Skills-Building Framework with Black Immigrants

Abstract

This paper addresses the burgeoning Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) crisis in the black community in the United States, particularly black women. A cognitive-behavioral skills-building HIV prevention intervention tailored to the realities of blacks in South Africa is presented as a model that may be modified and adapted for HIV prevention among blacks in the United States. This model of HIV prevention must view blacks as a heterogeneous group that includes African immigrants, and cognitive-behavioral skills-building HIV prevention interventions tailored to the realities of black women are needed for the prevention of heterosexually transmitted HIV infection. The implementation of HIV interventions within accessible sexually transmitted diseases (STD) testing and treatment programs will provide the combined clinical-behavioral approach that is missing in HIV prevention interventions among blacks in the United States.     

艾滋病预防教育中大学生对同伴教育的认知态度分析

当前,在艾滋病预防教育领域中,同伴教育发挥着极其重要的作用。但是由于诸多原因致使艾滋病同伴教育得不到很好的推广。文章通过问卷调查的方式,对高校大学生同伴教育在艾滋病预防教育中的认知现状进行了调研,针对调研现状,分析认知不足的原因,提出了相应对策。     

Jail-house Rock: Cuba, AIDS, and the Incorporation of Dissent in Bengt Norborg's Socialism or Death

Abstract — The demerits and merits of Cuba's quarantine facilities for AIDS patients and seropositives have been widely debated. This article expands the debate by referring to the phenomenon of HIV self-injection in Cuba, as documented in the 1995 film, Socialism or Death. There is an assessment of the economic, medical, and educational context which informed the events depicted by the film. HIV self-injection is discussed alongside reference to the development in Cuba of a counter-cultural youth movement based around a common interest in rock music. The testimony of self-injected patients and their families, and the reactions of Cuban medical officials are summarised. Comparisons are made between Cuban policy and radical queer theory.     

我国防治艾滋病立法工作存在的问题与对策

防治艾滋病立法工作是一项庞大的系统工程。17年来,我国关于防治艾滋病的立法从惩罚到关怀,形成了具有中国特色的、内容比较广泛的初步框架。但仍存在诸多问题与不足。应采取切实可行的立法对策,以进一步完善我国防治艾滋病的立法体系。     

社会排斥、社会工作与艾滋病防治

从艾滋病病人和感染者本身的处境出发,运用社会工作专业手法,能够更有效地进行艾滋病的防治。艾滋病病人和感染者面临多重社会排斥,包括家庭排斥、社区排斥、医疗排斥、教育排斥和就业排斥等。建议我国采用以消除社会排斥为目的的社会工作方法,从个案、小组、社区三个层次介入,进一步搞好艾滋病防治工作。     

略论现阶段我国地方艾滋病立法

17年来的中国地方艾滋病立法取得了一定成绩,但也存在许多问题与不足。现实的选择是必须在遵循立法的指导思想和坚持立法的基本原则的基础上,根据立法依据尽快制定符合本地特色的防治条例。立法的总思路是转变观念,正视现实,先易后难,逐步建立与完善地方艾滋病立法体系。其内容包括条例的名称、规范、条文以及有关条例的说明和解释、条例生效或施行时间等。     

艾滋病防治的世界性法律行动与中国的法律实践

面对艾滋病对社会经济的巨大影响,国际社会和各个国家纷纷通过立法来找寻艾滋病防治的有效路径。近年来的相关研究业已表明,人权保护乃是艾滋病防治工作和艾滋病立法的重要内容。20多年来世界性艾滋病立法行动对人权保护给予了足够的重视。同时,在国际社会的指引下,中国的艾滋病防治立法中也有了更多人权保护的规定。