法治反对解释的原则

反对解释是法治初级阶段的一个重要原则.这一原则要求法官奉行司法克制主义,对明确的法律条文必须无条件遵守,在解释中不能附加法官个人的意思.反对解释不是说不要解释,而是说不能过度解释,法官只能行使有限的创造权力,对法律文本已明确的含义,法官的解释就是认同.在我国,由于长期以来一直批判法家的严苛,主张判决中天理、人情与法律的和谐相处,结果使得法律文本被置于不重要的地位.严格执法实际上没有成为我们的执法理念,法律被任意解释、曲解的现象大量发生.严格法制是我们不能逾越的阶段,反对解释的原则应是司法活动的重要原则.     

司法能动的语义比较分析

司法能动在中西不同的政治文化背景和宪政体制下具有不同的含义。美国的司法能动主义,是一种开放性的司法哲学,法官热衷于解释宪法、打破规则和在法律之外司法能动;中国的司法能动则是一种奉行严格规则主义的法律之内的能动。     

Government,corporate or social power? The internet as a tool in the struggle for dominance in public policy

This paper sets out to demonstrate to corporations the need to monitor closely and to respond genuinely to public opinion. It predicts a rise in the power of citizens and a government response to that power that will include regulation to protect social and environmental interests. The paper gives an overview of the ways in which the economic sector, embodied in corporations, has risen to and maintained a position of dominance both within nation states and globally. It provides a model that illustrates the power relationship between corporations, governments and the public, noting in particular that the fundamental key to corporate dominance is the positioning of the public as consumers. Using the framework of legitimation, the paper then demonstrates and theorises the rise of opposition to the dominant order and the corporate and government responses to such opposition. It is proposed that these responses may be insufficient to maintain corporate dominance and that a new model is likely to gain ascendance. In this new model the public make a shift from consumers to citizens in order to reassert their role in governance. Internet sites of activist groups are examined in order to determine the ways in which the sites are used as a tool to facilitate a shift towards the second model. Copyright © 2002 Henry Stewart Publications     

学术不端行为规制的正当程序

学术不端行为规制涉及重要的个人基本权利。美国法院运用正当程序条款,针对学术不端行为案件确立了司法审查标准,防止任意的和错误的剥夺个人自由和财产。该司法标准强调程序性正当程序的适用,不仅保护了个人的基本权利,也规范了学术机构在处理学术不端行为时的程序,促进了学术自由和学术繁荣,为我国规范学术不端行为提供了有益的参考。     

Youth activism and dignity in post-war Mostar – envisioning a shared future through heritage

ABSTRACT

This paper looks at youth activism in Mostar through a specific action occurring in 2016, when an electric substation was overpainted in the neighbourhood of Rudnik. The project highlighted the rights of the miners to emphasize that other than ethnic identities can be brought forward through cultural heritage. The paper aims to broaden the spectrum of heritage values to encompass the concept of dignity. The monument served to induce a sense of dignity on two levels. Firstly, people were given the agency to influence the monument. Secondly, the monument emphasized workers’ identity, which is currently silenced in the public space.     

Forced to pass and other sins against authenticity

This essay examines U.S.-based lesbian and gay activism from the turn of 1980 with a focus on tensions between models of activism based in unapologetic demands for visibility versus concerns about the contradictions presented by the recognition of lesbian and gay identities within a punitive political order. The author crafts this historical narrative alongside and through readings of Gus Van Sant's 2008 film Milk and Lizzie Borden's 1983 film Born in Flames. The essay analyzes how Milk showcases the politics of gay liberalism at its most militant, while Born in Flames highlights a variety of radical feminist activisms. The essay also looks at how the styles of each film bring into focus some of the ways in which liberal and radical lesbian and gay movements of the period limited their engagement with race and racism. The essay then considers how both films thematize the uses of communicative media in the production of social movements. It concludes by asking how these films might provide an opportunity to think about activist history today.     

能动司法视角下民事审判权运作机制定位与反思

我国提倡的"能动司法"并非西方语境下的司法能动主义,也并非审判方式上的职权主义回归,同时,能动司法的目的也不在于异化法院的功能。能动司法理念的提出是为了强调司法除了被动性之外,也有积极、主动的一面,其目的在于矫正以往司法改革中单纯将司法权定位于被动、消极的倾向。在民事审判权运作机制中,有非讼程序与诉讼程序之分。能动司法的理念只有在民事审判权运作机制中加以务实分析,才能勾画出民事审判权运作机制中的司法能动与被动之思辨关系。     

“科学是年轻人的游戏”?——对科研人员年龄与论文产出之间关系的研究

本文基于一项全国范围内的抽样调查,考察了科研人员的年龄与其论文产出之间的关系,并分析了影响二者关系的个体学术地位(职称、导师资格等)、学科差异和单位属性(类型、科研实力、规模)等诸多因素。研究发现,论文产出并不存在"年轻人优势",反而是年长者的产出更多,这一现象在理工科中更为明显;研究人员所处的单位科研实力越强,其论文产出越多;科研产出的年龄差异更多地可以通过年龄背后的社会性因素加以解释。     

试论司法能动主义在中国之不可能——由一个案例引发的思考

司法能动主义往往和司法审查以及时宪法的解释联系在一起.在中国,由于司法机关要承担服务大局的政治使命,而且要服务于党在不同历史时期所确立的根本任务和发展目标,这些使命、任务和目标不一定必然与司法实务相关,这就决定了中国式的能动司法不具有司法的独立品性.在中国,法院既无司法审查权和宪法解释权,更无法官造法的权利,所以中国的司法能动并非真正意义上的司法能动主义,中国现实国情也不可能产生真正意义上的司法能动主义.     

美国司法能动的历史发展

司法能动是发端于美国的一种重要的司法哲学。美国司法能动的代表性时期为马歇尔法院、沃伦法院和伯格法院时期。美国的司法能动并非源于宪法的明确规定,而是联邦最高法院在马伯里诉麦迪逊案、布朗诉教育委员会案、罗伊诉韦德案等众多案件中通过＂立法性司法＂确立下来的。美国司法能动的成功有其特定的社会历史条件和法治背景。