东城区餐饮服务业管理现状及对策分析

通过对辖区内餐饮服务业态现状分析,针对性地进行对策研究,推动辖区内餐饮服务业的依法监管和规范发展。结合工作实际,分析餐饮服务业态分布、管理现状和存在问题,提出意见和建议。加强卫生监督中的关键环节控制,强化从业人员培训,进一步推行量化分级管理,加大处罚力度。充分发挥行业自律、社区自治与卫生监督执法相结合的作用,细化政策环境与监管职责,进一步探讨综合执法与卫生监督双赢模式建立。     

中国梦的实现路径分析

实现中国梦的关键是需要处理好“行政和自治”之间的关系.总结近现代以来中国的历史经验,中国梦的实现关键在于中国共产党的科学领导.中国共产党能够不断推动中国梦的实现进程,取得成绩的原因是其对以民为本的官僚政策治理型同心圆式的权力结构进行了有效的改革,一定程度上破解了近现代以来中国所面临的“行政与自治”关系平衡问题.破解当前中国所面临的一系列社会问题,进一步推动中国梦的实现,仍然需要处理好“行政和自治”之间的关系,从破解行政压倒自治、自治行政化和形式化问题着手.     

FHA restructuring proposals: Alternatives and implications

Abstract

This article evaluates problems of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) under its current structure, develops criteria for judging alternative structures, and suggests one alternative—an assigned risk pool—that encourages efficiency in the insurance function while still promoting low‐ and moderate‐income housing. A historical introduction explains how the current institutional relationships came about and created FHA's problems.

FHA's decline resulted from the mixing of a heavy social agenda with the basic insurance objective, a destructive reorganization of the Department of Housing and Urban Development that caused FHA to lose control and focus, and government's inherent inability to respond to market signals. Yet the economic rationale for government involvement in FHA functions is strong. An FHA organized as an independent government agency, a government‐sponsored enterprise, or even a privatized entity structured as an assigned risk pool could improve efficiency of underwriting, pricing, and administration while achieving the redistributional objectives.     

FHA in the Great Recession: Rebalancing Its Role

The Federal Housing Administration's (FHA) Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund has a negative net worth as of FY2012, partly because of the weak economic recovery and partly because its policy has been directed to supporting homeownership at the risk of incurring more defaults. Although recently announced reforms should reduce losses, higher insurance premiums and lower loan-to-value ratios will still be necessary. But FHA faced and survived similar situations before, and should be able to do so again, without draconian limitations on its authority.     

论《治安管理处罚法》的域外效力

法无明文规定、没有上位法根据、举重以明轻、人权保护和尊重行为地国法律是《治安管理处罚法》没有域外效力的主要根据。《治安管理处罚法》没有域外效力会导致相关刑事案件侦破困难、规避《治安管理处罚法》行为多发、同样的违法行为不能同样对待和对违法行为地扩大解释牵强等问题。《刑法》与《治安管理处罚法》的衔接、属人主义和保护主义的双重优先性、尊重受害人意志和对"举重以明轻"的正确理解是《治安管理处罚法》应该有域外效力的根据。通过增加规避《治安管理处罚法》行为是治安违法行为、司法解释明确、实现《治安管理处罚法》与《刑法》的全面衔接和公安部解释等途径,可以具体实现《治安管理处罚法》的域外效力。     

“单边”到“多边”——布什政府对奥巴马政府对朝政策的影响

美国布什政府对朝政策有其产生的根源和国内外的制约因素,形成了"单边"到"多边"的对朝政策转变过程并表现出特有的规律。对此认真分析和研究,有助于我们对布什政府的"单边"到"多边"的对朝政策进行整体和宏观把握,厘清布什政府对奥巴马政府对朝政策的影响。     

改革开放三十年上海外国人证件管理的变化

改革开放三十年,上海外国人证件管理工作发生了巨大变化。从机构设置、人员编制、签证和居留证等出入境证件的种类与样式,到工作职能与业务等,都有了飞速发展和变化。通过健全和完善执法体系,理顺办理外国人证件工作,优化出入境口岸签证窗口功能,来沪外国人累计人数是改革开放前的100多倍,为吸引外国籍高层次人才和资金、促进国家经济建设发挥了积极作用。     

服务行政与民生主义——以“杭州市停车新政”为例

现代行政理念的发展经历了从管制行政到服务行政的过程。服务行政以有限政府为其角色定位,以管制和服务并重为其行政使命,以公众参与为其治理特点。在利益多元的现实条件下,服务行政应当变革传统的治理方式,通过增强政府协调利益冲突能力、健全利益表达机制及培育和发展非政府组织等途径平衡利益冲突,保障社会民生。     

Narcotics and Drug Abuse

Fifty years ago, the U.S. President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice saw drugs as a modest but growing problem for the criminal justice system. The reemergence of heroin occupied the Commission's attention. Many recommendations are admirable, such as a focus on public health interventions and a concern about the appropriateness of criminal prohibitions on marijuana use. Throughout the past 50 years, the problem has both massively expanded and changed in many ways; the principal drug of abuse has shifted multiple times, as has the populations most affected by them. Policy, largely stuck on tough enforcement for 30 years, is now moving in a direction more consistent with the Commission's views. Researchers have made only modest advances in understanding what enforcement can do to reduce drug use and related problems, but society has made some progress in developing interventions that have both a sound theoretical base and the promise of avoiding the unintended negative consequences of the highly punitive system of the 1980s and 1990s. A Commission in 2018 would face a much different and larger problem that has transformed many aspects of criminal justice. Investing in more data collection and evaluation research would be among its major recommendations, as would an admission of considerable uncertainty about what to do with the latest twist in the U.S. drug problem, the addition of the much more dangerous fentanyls.     

公有企业的治理结构 --20世纪中国改革经验研究

当我国经济学界引进“公司治理结构”、“委托—代理”等概念解释中国的企业制度改革时,遇到的基本障碍之一是:现代市场经济条件下严格意义上的“委托—代理”理论并不完全适用于中国大多数公有企业。因为这一理论最基本的假定是存在着一个真正的所有者,这个所有者愿意并有能力约束代理人,以防止自身权益的流失。但是,如果找不到这样的所有者,那么讨论“委托—代理”的问题似乎就没有多少意义。