To govern,or not to govern? Opportunity and post-coup military behaviour in Egypt 2011–2014

This article examines Egyptian military behaviour in 2011 and 2013 to address the question of why officers remain in power following some successful coups, and allow for a transition to civilian rule after others. My evidence suggests that in post-1970 cases where international factors fail to exert sufficient pressure, outcome variation is influenced by levels of corporate opportunity, defined here as the ease with which the army can use control of the state to expand its corporate interests. Drawing on the existing literature, I posit consensus against military rule, high popular support for democracy, strong civil society, the presence of a strong opposition party, and low levels of cohesion among officers as factors which constrain opportunity. Prior research suggests that when the level of opportunity is high, controlling the state becomes a high-risk/low-reward endeavour, making it likely that officers will allow for a transition to civilian rule. My study contributes to the existing scholarship by using original data gathered through interviews with Egyptian officers, as well as other experts on the Egyptian military, to argue that low consensus against military rule, low support for democracy, and high organizational cohesion are jointly sufficient to produce governing intervention.     

新时期共青团组织资源管理探赜

共青团战略性课题的破解与共青团组织自身的资源状况密切相关.共青团是兼具政治性、社会性、服务性的复合型公共组织,具有多样化的组织资源类型及其获取方式.新时期共青团组织的生存、运行、发展和创新有赖于对共青团组织资源的合理规划、充分汲取和有效配置.     

Can non-democracies support international democracy? Turkey as a case study

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a rise of interest in the concept of autocracy promotion, with scholars questioning whether the efforts by authoritarian governments to influence political transitions beyond their borders are necessarily pro-authoritarian. An extension of this question is whether some authoritarian governments may at times find it in their interest to support democracy abroad. This article aims to answer this question by focusing on the case of Turkey. It argues that, despite its rapidly deteriorating democracy since the late 2000s, Turkey has undertaken democracy support policies with the explicit goal of democratic transition in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during the Arab Spring and, while not bearing the intention of democratic transition, has employed democracy support instruments in the form of state-building in sub-Saharan Africa since 2005 to the present day. Based on original fieldwork, the article finds that non-democracies can turn out as democracy supporters, if and when opportunities for strategic gains from democratisation abroad arise. The article further suggests that even in those cases where strategic interests do not necessitate regime change, a non-democracy may still deploy democracy support instruments to pursue its narrow interests, without adhering to an agenda for democratic transition.     

信息网络时代高校共青团面临的挑战与对策

信息网络时代的到来 ,在直接提高高校团工作成效 ,扩大团员青年交往空间 ,张扬团员青年个性的同时 ,也会导致团员青年思想道德观念的弱化 ,处世态度的消极化 ,影响团员青年的身心健康。高校团组织必须正视挑战 ,把握机遇 ,确立现代信息观念 ,学习现代信息技术 ,加强主流建设 ,提高团员青年的思想道德素质 ,掌握网上育人的主动权     

团内民主实践与共青团基层组织制度变迁研究

团内民主必须以团的生存与发展为最高原则。团内民主的空间,受客观的社会、政治环境、团内民主制度状况以及所面临的时代任务的直接影响。改革开放后社会、政治环境的变化为团内民主的复归创造了条件。“联推竞选”是当前团内民主复归的最为典型的措施。     

试论高校团员民主评议活动的效果

加强和改进团员民主教育评议工作的实效性,强化团员青年的模范意识和先进意识,促进团员的先进性教育,并以此引导青年学生树立崇高的理想,全面提高青年学生素质,对协助高校党组织做好学生思想政治工作具有非常深远而又积极的意义.     

哈桑·哈乃斐的“行先于知”思想

"知"与"行"或者说"认识"与"实践"问题是阿拉伯当代文化与思想界十分受关注的问题,哈桑.哈乃斐作为当代阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化界最具影响力的思想家之一,就该问题展开了深入的思考与研究,提出了"行先于知"的思想主张,并充分挖掘了该思想在阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化中的深层渊源,力图在当代阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化中推崇重实践、绝空谈的务实精神,并推动将阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化研究在整体上实现从"神学"向"人学"的转变,促进阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化"传统"与"现代"的协调发展。     

中国与阿拉伯国家生态环境领域合作研究——兼论防沙治沙合作与技术输出

中国与阿拉伯国家在科技与生态环境合作是近些年乃至未来中阿经贸合作凸显的一个新领域,双方合作潜力巨大,合作领域广泛,合作意义深远.     

“阿拉伯之春”与颜色革命

"阿拉伯之春"既有颜色革命的部分特征,但又不等同于颜色革命。它指的是发端于突尼斯继而几乎席卷整个阿拉伯世界的,为推动政府进行自上而下的改革乃至要求推翻本国专制政体的自发的、内生性的街头运动。阿拉伯世界政局动荡的内部原因是其各自国内积重难返的政治、经济问题,外部原因在于美西方十几年来不断在该地区进行的"民主"渗透。美西方在阿拉伯世界强推西式民主,在经济、政治、安全三方面酿成一系列的苦果并形成恶性循环,客观上使阿拉伯民众对西方"民主""自由"的幻想趋于破灭,将使中东地区在很长时期内都难有宁日。     

当今高校群团性学习型组织实践的探讨——以建构高校学习型共青团组织为个案研究

当今的世界已经步入知识社会,各类组织在其发展过程中,面临的环境愈发的复杂多变,学习型组织作为一种生命力强大的自适应系统,通过其自身组织优势的发挥,最大限度地促进了组织与其成员发展。当今高校共青团组织作为高校重要的群团性组织,具有自身独特的政治优势和组织特征,其本身就是青年成长成才的重要载体;因此,结合当前全党、全国进行的学习型党组织和学习型社会的教育活动,高校共青团组织更应在校园文化建设中体现出自身的组织特性,从而有利于青年人力资源培育与开发,为我国社会的可持续、协调和科学发展提供强大的人才保障。