Scanning for patterns of relationship: analyzing kinship and marriage networks with Puck 2.0

The article presents the software Puck (Program for the use and computation of kinship data), a computer tool for the in-depth analysis of kinship networks. Its core feature consists in identifying, counting and classifying matrimonial circuit structures (resulting from marriages between kin or affines). Such matrimonial censuses make it possible to explore in a rigorous fashion one of the most central questions in kinship studies: the relationship between particular marriage choices and the patterning of the global kinship network that emerges from them. At the same time, Puck constitutes a general tool for the management, treatment and exploratory analysis of genealogical datasets, including non-genealogical relations and random simulations. Puck has been designed to meet two complementary expectations: the identification of the recurrent, cross-cultural organizational properties of kinship networks, and the ability to situate particular actors within social processes involving both genealogical and non-genealogical factors. This article presents the theoretical foundations and main functions of Puck, using concrete examples drawn from a genealogical dataset of upper-class Parisian Jewish banking dynasties present in Paris during the nineteenth century.     

军事法制史研究的基本理论问题

军事法制史研究的基本理论问题,是构建军事法制史学的理论基础。军事法制史有其特定的内涵与特征;军事法制史的研究对象划分为宏观、中观和微观三个层面;军事法制史与军事制度史、法制史、军事法学有鲜明的区别,又有千丝万缕的联系;军事法制史研究价值分为一般价值与核心价值。     

An Empirical Study of E-Government Service Adoption: Culture and Behavioral Intention

This study seeks to identify and understand the important factors that influence citizens’ behavioral intention to take up e-government services. We adopted a research model empirically tested in the United States. The model integrates three established constructs—the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), trust, and computer self-efficacy. We conducted the research in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a leader in e-government development in the Arab world. Our findings are mostly different from the U.S. study and suggest that behavioral intention may be influenced by citizens’ cultural context. This study contributes to a better understanding of citizens’ behavioral intention and adoption factors in e-government, in particular from a cultural perspective. The findings may help governments formulate effective strategies to improve the level of citizens’ uptake of e-government services. This study paves the way for further research on an e-government adoption model that is robust across cultures.     

Adaptation of the Basic Empathy Scale among a Portuguese sample of incarcerated juvenile offenders

The main aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Basic Empathy Scale (BES) and of its adapted short version among a forensic sample of incarcerated male juvenile offenders (N = 221). The Portuguese validations of the BES and its adapted short version demonstrated good psychometric properties, namely in terms of the two-factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and concurrent validity that generally justifies its use among this population. Statistically significant associations were found with callous–unemotional traits and social anxiety. Findings are discussed in terms of the use of the BES and its adapted short version with juvenile offenders.     

“基本法律”与“基本法律以外的其他法律”划分之反思

从法律文本和立宪意图分析,全国人大只能制定和修改"基本法律"、"基本法律以外的其他法律"由全国人大常委会制定和修改。弥补全国人大立法不足是现行《宪法》赋予全国人大常委会国家立法权的首要目标,而防范全国人大常委会侵夺全国人大立法权则是其附带的要求,这二者之间并非平行的目标关系;"基本法律"和"基本法律以外的其他法律"的划分,正是这种附带要求的产物。实践中,全国人大与全国人大常委会立法权限的错位以及两种不同的"法律"在效力上的混同,根源于人民代表大会制度下人大与其常委会之间权力关系在制度层面与实践层面存在的张力。     

Alcohol Abuse Prevention Among High-Risk Youth

Abstract

This study examined the feasibility of a CD-ROM intervention to prevent alcohol abuse among high-risk youths. Youths from 41 community-based agencies in greater New York City participated in a randomized trial of a skills-based interactive CD-ROM. Outcome data were collected on 489 early adolescents in these agencies before and after a randomized subset of youths interacted with a 10-session alcohol abuse prevention program on CD-ROM. Compared to control participants, youths in the intervention arm had a positive increase in perceived harm of alcohol use and increased assertiveness skills. At posttest, drinking rates for control and intervention participants were equal and unchanged from pretest. These findings suggest that CD-ROM technology offers a new and promising medium for engaging high-risk youth in an alcohol abuse prevention program. Study implications and future applications of the present approach are discussed.     

牟宗三论“存在与时间”——兼评牟宗三对海德格尔形而上学之“误置”的“误置”

牟宗三沿着康德哲学的"超绝的形而上学"来重构海德格尔的基础存在论,以此来建立他心中的道德的形而上学。基于这个理论动机,他对海德格尔的基础存在论作出了五个判定,指出海德格尔的思想存在着不通透和误置形而上学的倾向。本文试图指出,牟宗三的这种解读恰恰是"误置"了海德格尔的形而上学,他在吸收康德批判工作的同时又落入到了康德所反对的"非批判的、独断论的陷阱"。     

论宪法性基本权利的司法保障

公民宪法性基本权利的司法保障是我国法治建设的重要内容。但由于观念和制度的偏差 ,使宪法不能直接适用于司法。宪法的基本特征决定了它是控制国家权力、保障公民基本权利的法律 ,它的法律性决定了公民宪法性基本权利可以通过司法途径加以保障。公民宪法性基本权利进行司法保障的途径是改革法律制度 ,建立宪法委员会和宪法法院 ,赋予法院司法审查的权力。     

陪审制度效率与功能的反思

陪审制度的利弊得失背后的“效率”问题一度成为学界争论的焦点。本文站在拥护者的立场上,运用制度经济学的理论分析工具对“效率”重新界定,引入了适应性效率的概念。以此为基点,本文展开分析,认为陪审制度是人类“试错纠错”行为体现在司法活动中,用来扩展个体自由,同时降低交易费用的一种安排,它具有适应性效率。这种效率能否实现又进一步取决于陪审制度的基本功能及其互动。     

公司法修订的基本目标与价值取向

公司法修订的目的在于建立和发展符合中国现实需要的先进公司法理念和制度。公司法修订应通过对当事人行为的规范和对公司内外法律关系的调整,鼓励投资,促进企业发展和公司繁荣;应给予公司法正确的定性和定位,对其强制性和任意性加以合理界定;应关注公司、股东和债权人的合法权益,协调三者之间的关系;应梳理整合现行立法,以统一的公司法对所有公司企业予以法律调整。