梅洛—庞蒂的“存在主义的马克思主义”

梅洛-庞蒂的"存在主义的马克思主义"是"西方马克思主义"的特殊形态,表现了一种特殊的马克思主义观.它的实质是把马克思主义存在主义化,其特征是寻求存在主义与马克思主义的结合,拒斥马克思主义的历史决定论,对马克思主义进行人道主义的阐释.就对"存在主义的马克思主义"的认识而言,重要的是划清"存在主义的人道主义"与"马克思主义的人道主义"的界限.     

端方与清末的满汉政策

清末满汉矛盾日益激化 ,排满成为革命派进行舆论动员的口号。端方作为具有革新思想的清廷大吏 ,充分认识到满汉矛盾的巨大危害 ,对消除满汉畛域提出了系统的建议 ,为加强民族团结作出了贡献。     

社区自治边界及其重塑

对于社区自治边界问题,公共经济学与社会学组织分析学派有着不同的界限标准以及划分依据。这两种现象从表面上看差异较大,但实际上是反映了政府和居民之间基于不同的资源控制及其权力配置问题。重塑社区自治边界,提高社区自治效率,需要提高市场化程度,调整政府资源控制及其权力配置方式。     

European air pollution assessments: co-production of science and policy

This paper examines the question whether the scientific knowledge framework produced in the context of the Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) can keep its credibility, legitimacy and relevance when used in a different policy arena, e.g. the European Commission (EC) of the European Union. The paper combines a conceptual framework for considering effective assessments with the notion of boundary work and co-production of science and policy to examine differences between the roles and division of tasks between scientists and policy makers in the two different policy contexts. The paper concludes that, despite the differences between the two policy settings, user characteristics and the historical context are to a certain extent similar in LRTAP and the EU Clean Air for Europe Programme (CAFE), and that participants in the two processes partially overlap and tackle the same policy problem. The scientific knowledge framework as developed within LRTAP can maintain credibility, legitimacy and relevance when it is used in CAFE if certain conditions are fulfilled. One condition is the effective functioning of LRTAP, because the CAFE assessment process remains also dependent on the LRTAP process. Data collection and mapping efforts in the context of LRTAP form also the basis for the analyses within CAFE. Furthermore, a broadly embedded scientific basis is needed in the countries to enable each country to follow or relate to the analyses commissioned by the EU. The conceptual framework and concept of boundary work used in this paper turned out to be helpful in focusing on the dynamic relationship between science and policy.

柬埔寨与泰国领土争端的历史和现实——以柏威夏寺争端为焦点

边界与领土争端是柬泰关系中的未愈伤口.历史上,柬埔寨与泰国之间,国界与疆域曾多次互有伸缩进退,为此结下了历史宿怨.现实中的柬泰边界与领土争端的核心问题之一,是对位于柬泰边界上的柏威夏寺归属的争端.边界问题动辄在柬泰两国关系中掀起轩然大波,甚至流血冲突,严重影响双边和睦,破坏地区稳定,危害和平建设.在全球化背景下构建和谐世界的今天,和平解决边界与领土争端应该成为柬泰两国与国际社会的共识.     

商标侵权中“商标性使用”的地位与认定

明确"商标性使用"的是与非,既是解决新型商标纠纷的实践需求,也牵涉商标法原理的基本构造。基于法定主义的立场,商标侵权构成中的"使用"应当是"商标性使用",即来源识别意义上的商标使用。"商标性使用"是商标侵权构成中与混淆可能性并列的一个独立要件。从理论上而言,"商标性使用"对应于商标财产化的程度,即对来源指示功能所产生的财产利益的保护。商标性使用的判断标准应采用"行为人主体标准",行为人使用行为的定性需要进行主客观的综合考察。行为人的主观意图并非不可知悉,在法律构造上需要进行的是主观判断的客观化努力。行为人主体标准在涉外定牌加工、关键词广告等边界案件中具有很强的适用性。     

利益衡量的界碑

利益衡量作为当前法院判决疑难案件的常用方法存在滥用的可能性。利益衡量的滥用可分为“因缺少对利益结构的整体衡量而导致的滥用”和“因超越利益衡量的边界而导致的滥用”,这两者性质不同,解决的途径也不同。为避免利益衡量“因超越利益衡量的边界而导致的滥用”,解决问题的基本理念是选择妥当的法律制度并在该制度内进行利益衡量,并且其结果应当与整个法律制度相协调,具体界碑包括:“法外空间”不应进行利益衡量;应在妥当的法律制度中进行利益衡量;应在同一法律关系中进行利益衡量;妥当的文义存在于法律制度中;选择妥当的法律规范作为衡量的依据;法律救济不能的案件不进行利益衡量。     

Reconstructing Insurance Law: The Law Commissions' Consultation Paper

In July 2007 the English and Scottish Law Commissions published the consultation paper Insurance Law – Non-disclosure and Breach of Warranty (hereafter LCCP) which sets out in detail the Commissions' provisional proposals for the reform of insurance contract law with particular reference to the key areas of utmost good faith, warranties and agency. This article analyses, from a critical standpoint, the LCCP's principal conclusions and recommendations. It begins by noting, as a means of demonstrating that the current reform process should be informed by modern industry practices, that the ways in which modern insurance contracts are concluded differ significantly from those when insurance law was last reviewed by the Law Commission in 1980. The article then discusses the dichotomy between consumer and business insurance given that this distinction underpins the LCCP and its approach towards reforming the pre-contractual duty of good faith. By way of backdrop to the analysis, we consider the approach taken towards reforming the law governing intermediaries acting for prospective assureds during the disclosure process. Finally, the proposed rules for warranties and similar terms are examined. It is argued that the proposal to retain continuing warranties in business insurance contracts will, if implemented, represent a missed opportunity to rid insurance contracts of terms long criticised as draconian and disproportionate in their effect.     

过度金融化的风险与伦理防范措施

金融业高度自由化与不加节制的资本化在给社会带来资金、资本与财富的同时,也放大了其负面效应,使金融的脆弱性、资本的贪婪性的一面凸显出来。金融逻辑增加了金融风险和道德风险的几率。金融逻辑的演义要有度的规定,应受信用边界的制约,而信用决定于信用能力以及履行承诺的意愿,如果超出能力或者违背意愿,信用就会泡沫化,势必会发生背信弃义的行为,金融逻辑的链条就会断裂,最终导致金融危机的爆发。要对过度金融化的风险进行控制,从伦理上就要通过加强信用、责任与义务等道德力量,在其逾越信用、义务等规定前起防范作用。     

“汉土疆界碑”铭文解读——以法律文化的视角

清雍正三年秋,在湘鄂西容美土司与长阳县交界地区,发生了大规模的汉土田地权属之争,当事各方通过会勘、协商,最终妥善解决了争议,并在争议地带建立起两座形制内容完全相同的"汉土疆界碑",创立了通过协商机制解决区域性民族纠纷的范例。汉土疆界碑铭文典型地反映了清初改土归流前夕,渝湘鄂黔毗邻多民族混居地区民族关系的急剧变化;记录了容美末代土司田?如在与命运抗争的同时,为保一方民众的安宁,坚持理性处理民族关系的策略,为世人认识少数民族土司提供了一个真实的影象。