试论英国在缅甸的早期殖民政策

1885年底英国最终吞并缅甸后,在宗教方面,采取了所谓的“中文化”不干涉政策;在政治方面,采取了“分而治之”的政策和“金字塔型”的行政体系;在经济方面,采取了“单一制”的经济掠夺模式;在文化方面,采取了“世俗化”的殖民文化政策,笔者认为英国殖民者对缅甸采取的各项殖民政策导致了缅甸社会的畸形发展,这也是导致缅甸独立后社会发展及其缓慢的原因所在。     

Politicians,Scandals, and Trust in Government

In this paper we examine the role that political scandals play in eroding regard for government and political institutions in general. We know that scandals can lower regard for individual politicians and government leaders. Yet, less is known about how scandal influences attitudes toward institutions and the political process. It has been widely assumed that such attitudes are influenced by factors that lie largely beyond the control of individual politicians. Using data from the U.S. and the U.K. we show that scandals involving legislators can have a negative influence on their constituent's attitudes toward institutions and the political process. One consequence of this finding is that, instead of looking for scapegoats in Hollywood or among the failings of voters themselves, politicians should first get their own House in order.     

国外工会如何参与解决就业问题

失业现象加剧成为长期困扰各国政府和工会的重要问题。国外工会多把参与解决就业问题作为重要任务,并为此积极探索工会工作的新思路。     

论英国社区警务战略思想的形成与推进

20世纪70年代末,英国人在犯罪预防问题上陷入了一种悲观情绪之中,似乎没有任何一种措施可以抑制犯罪的增长。随即世界范围内的“社区警务”思想带来第四次警务革命。在经过20多年的实践后,在有效维护了社会治安秩序的同时,英国政府认为目前的警察组织效能与社区警务战略,也需要与时俱变、与世俱变,为了迎接全球化治安形势演变的挑战,必须采取全国性的警务改造策略与行动,为此提出了“警察改革法草案”(Po1iceReformBill)。这也是英国政府对公众提供优质的警察服务、减少违法犯罪、降低犯罪恐惧感,增进公众对警察信任感而推动警务改造的承诺和宣言,亦为英国政府推动政府公共服务改革的整体政策之一。     

英国青少年司法体系的改革及启示

最近几年,英国政府进行了青少年司法改革。改革后的青少年司法体系独立,特点鲜明,内容有针对性,既有一些专门的基本性法律,又有对基本法的具体落实和进一步阐释。这一司法体系加大了对青少年犯罪的处罚力度,成为预防青少年犯罪工作的重要环节。这对于我国青少年司法体系的建立和完善具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Constitutional Change: A Note by the Bedside

The British constitution is undergoing major change although it tends to be carried out piecemeal and is often ignored. There are contradictory trends in what is happening. Some changes are deliberate major reforms which tend to disperse power and strengthen the rights of the individual against the State. Other changes are incidental by-products of other government policies, and tend in the other direction, towards the greater concentration of power in, and within, central government, for instance by the weakening of local government and the treatment of individual rights in legislation against terrorism. This second trend makes it all the more important that the checks and balances on the exercise of power by central government are effective. The main responsibility for ensuring this must rest with Parliament, backed up by the courts. A Civil Service Bill and perhaps a code of governance for central government would in their different ways be useful.     

江泽民侨务思想刍议

江泽民侨务思想是改革开放时代精神的精华。其主要内容包括：立足时代任务，强调吸引侨力致力于中国现代化建设；依据时代新要求，重申华侨是爱国统一战线的重要组成部分；把握时代新机遇，阐明华侨是实现中华民族伟大复兴的重要源泉。     

Young British Partisan Attitudes to Negative Election Campaign Advertising: A Tri-Party Perspective

This article presents an empirical investigation of young partisan first-time voter attitudes toward the use of negative attack advertising in a British general election. Partisanship, particularly in relation to negative advertising and third-party effects, is significantly under-researched, yet it advances understanding of youth electoral interaction. Our study confirms that young British partisans are not passive recipients of information, but are actively involved in information processing, interpretation, and counter arguing. Our findings also highlight a third-party effect among young partisans in their evaluation of the attack advertising. Overall our young partisans broadly reject image-attack election ads, which raises a “health warning” on its use in future election campaigning. The findings of this study are of significant interest to election campaign strategists in their planning for future elections and to political researchers striving to advance understanding within the field of political marketing.     

The Plants of Empire: Botanic Gardens,Colonial Power and Botanical Knowledge

In this article, the multifaceted relationship between colonial power and scientific knowledge is analysed. The specific focus is on untangling the contested and symbiotic connections between colonialism and the emergence and consolidation of aspects of botanical science. Colonial imperatives and the social consequences of colonial rule in India constituted the context for the idea and project of botanical gardens that facilitated the global transfer of a variety of plants to India. It was in the process of dealing with the problems of the transfer of plants across very diverse ecological and social contexts that natural history was eventually transformed into formal botanical science both in India and in Europe. Particular forms of scientific knowledge and institutions were indispensable for the consolidation of empire even as they facilitated new imperial concerns and projects that constituted the structural context for the development of new forms of scientific knowledge, practices, institutions and power. Without reducing science to nothing more than an appendage of colonial power and imperatives, the significance of empire in the rise of botany as a formal science is analysed in this article.     

Brexit and the Overseas Territories: Repercussions for the Periphery

Abstract

There are 14 United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), of which nine are associated with the European Union (EU) via the Overseas Association Decision adopted by the EU in 2013. Gibraltar, meanwhile, is part of the EU under Article 355(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU. Only the citizens of Gibraltar were able to vote in the referendum on the UK’s membership of the EU, but the consequences for all are potentially very significant. The UKOTs benefit currently from economic and environmental cooperation, as well as development assistance and policy dialogue. The article considers briefly the growth of the relationship between the UKOTs and the EU, before setting out the key aspects of the relationship which the territories are keen to maintain. The second half of the article focuses on the (minor) role the UKOTs played in the referendum debate, and what might happen to the present levels of cooperation as the UK disengages from the EU.