行政诉讼证明标准研究

目前学界尚未在行政诉讼证明标准的概念问题上达成共识。对于行政诉讼证明标准内涵的界定,应该从证明标准与法律真实、自由心证和证明责任的关系入手。本文通过比较两大法系行政诉讼证明标准的特点及赖以存在的正当性基础,在坚持法律真实、自由心证和正当程序理念的基础上,提出在区分一般情况和特殊情况的前提下,重构我国行政诉讼证明标准体系的建议。     

论公安刑事侦查行为与公安具体行政行为的界定

从“没收空调案”谈起,提出正确界定公安刑事侦查行为与公安具体行政行为的问题,其关系到行政诉讼法受案范围。从理论上来讲,两者既有联系,又有区别,但在实践中两者又容易混淆。因此在具体的操作过程中,有必要利用各种方法正确把握两者的界定问题。     

美国广播管制中的公共利益标准

在美国广播管制史上 ,公共利益标准是左右广播业准入管制和公共政策形成过程的核心概念。事实上 ,公共利益标准是实行管制的授权标准 ,蕴涵着对政策决定过程中相互竞争的诸价值和利益的衡量 ,有相当的弹性和延展性 ;在司法和管制实践中 ,则要结合具体情境 ,将形式上的公共利益标准转化为具有实质内容的方案 ,实现对裁量权的导控。在我国许可制度改革、放松管制以及公用事业民营化实践的背景下 ,如何发展出可操作的许可标准和精巧的利益衡量技术 ,保障“公共利益”不因民营化进程而侵蚀和消解 ,是需要认真对待的课题     

小青龙汤对慢性肾炎寒饮蕴肺证大鼠模型的药效学研究

目的 观察小青龙汤对慢性肾炎寒饮蕴肺证大鼠相关实验室指标的影响。方法 将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和小青龙汤组,每组20只。采用强迫大鼠在冷水中疲劳游泳和腹腔注射小牛血清白蛋白的方式复制慢性肾炎寒饮蕴肺证模型。观察3组大鼠一般情况;实验第6、7、8周时连续检测24 h尿蛋白;实验第8周时,检测尿表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor, EGF）、血清肌酐（serum creatinine, SCr）、血尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen, BUN）、血清白蛋白（albumin, ALB）、血清总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）水平;光镜下观察大鼠肾组织形态学变化。结果 小青龙汤可改善模型大鼠的一般状况。实验第6、7、8周时,小青龙汤可明显降低模型大鼠升高的24 h尿蛋白含量（P<0.05）;实验第8周时,小青龙汤可明显降低模型大鼠升高的尿EGF、SCr、BUN和血清TC水平（P<0.05）,明显升高模型大鼠降低的血清ALB水平。光镜下显示,小青龙汤可防止肾小球体积增大和系膜细胞增多,防止肾小管上皮细胞肿胀。结论 小青龙汤具有降低慢性肾炎寒饮蕴肺证大鼠尿蛋白水平,保护肾功能和防止肾组织病理变化的作用。     

公安实战案例教学探索与实践

公安教育训练就其实质而言,侧重于以现场、案例为重点的实践性教学。公安实战案例教学是一个教与学互动的过程,在这一教学活动中,受训民警是教学的"主体",任教者则是教学的"组织者"。公安实战案例教学必须讲究民警的知识与能力的建构与组合,培养民警的科学思维方式和实际解决问题的能力,以便更好地适应公安工作实际。     

Robots,standards and the law: Rivalries between private standards and public policymaking for robot governance

This article explains the complex intertwinement between public and private regulators in the case of robot technology. Public policymaking ensures broad multi-stakeholder protected scope, but its abstractness often fails in intelligibility and applicability. Private standards, on the contrary, are more concrete and applicable, but most of the times they are voluntary and reflect industry interests. The ‘better regulation’ approach of the EU may increase the use of evidence to inform policy and lawmaking, and the involvement of different stakeholders. Current hard-lawmaking instruments do not appear to take advantage of the knowledge produced by standard-based regulations, virtually wasting their potential benefits. This fact affects the legal certainty with regards to a fast-paced changing environment like robotics. In this paper, we investigate the challenges of overlapping public/private regulatory initiatives that govern robot technologies in general, and in the concrete of healthcare robot technologies. We wonder until what extent robotics should be governed only by standards. We also reflect on how public policymaking could increase their technical understanding of robot technology to devise an applicable and comprehensive framework for this technology. In this respect, we propose different ways to integrate the technical know-how into policymaking (e.g., collecting the data/knowledge generated from the impact assessments in shared data repositories, and using it for evidence-based policies) and to strengthen the legitimacy of standards.     

China's stance on the Google/Motorola merger: Implications for competition in intellectual property-intensive sectors

China's merger enforcement agency approved the Google/Motorola merger with conditions. This pattern of approval is not in full accordance with that in other jurisdictions, including the United States and the European Union, which made unconditional approvals. This contradiction attracted ample criticism; some critics believe that China's policy is designed to protect domestic industry. In investigating the Chinese merger agency's decision and the basis for its decision making, this article finds that much of the criticism is groundless and misleading because the critics have failed to incorporate all elements of the global value chain of mobile intelligent terminals into their analyses. The investigation also shows that, although the decision makers are less experienced, their decisions are based on Chinese competition law and market realities. It is important for international firms to be aware of this pattern in merger analysis.     

在网络化环境中提高图书分类质量的几个问题

在新世纪网络化环境中, 做好图书分类工作直接决定和影响着图书馆整体工作的水平。要切实提高图书分类质量, 图书馆就要关注和把握几个重要问题 (1) 提高分类质量的基础和前提是熟悉和掌握分类法;(2) 提高分类质量的有效途径是制定与完善本馆的分类细则; (3) 提高分类质量的保证是严格遵循图书分类工作程序; (4) 提高分类质量的关键是不断提高分类人员的综合素质和能力。     

财政公共化改革的三个基本任务--支出结构调整、公开透明与责任落实

公共财政是公共管理和社会管理的经济基础,同时公共财政的运行制度和游戏规则是作为政治行政体制一部分的上层建筑。建立公共财政框架,需要对经济体制、政治行政体制进行全方位的改革。关键任务有:一是调整财政支出结构,确保社会公共需要的满足;二是提高公开透明程度,使公众确实能够了解、监督财政运行状况;三是落实财政责任,给权力以充分对应的制约。后两个任务的核心是民主和法治,旨在建立财政公共化的制度基础,关键是要重建政府预算制度。从历年的国家审计报告看,解决这个问题非常紧迫、相当艰巨、极端重要。     

党政领导干部问责制的调查与分析

据2010年4月向B市中青干部培训班学员的问卷调查,大部分学员对B市实施问责制情况的评价不高,但对近年来全国性"问责风暴"的认同度要高得多,官员们的法治意识有所增强,但对问责制的学习和宣传还要加强。为进一步构建有效的问责制度,应明确问责决定机关,加强人大在问责中的作用,充分发挥司法机关、新闻媒体、人民群众的监督作用,还应明确问责对象、拓宽问责内容、统一问责标准。为优化问责制运行环境,还应建立有效权力监督机制,实现权力无缝隙配置。