Why bother campaigning? Campaign effectiveness in the 2009 European Parliament elections

This paper explores the effectiveness of European Parliament candidates' campaigns. We analyze the relationship between candidates' spending and their likelihood of success, controlling for a range of relevant co-varying factors. We then investigate whether the effects of electoral spending are conditioned by two variables: ballot design and incumbency. We find that, ceteris paribus, spending was positively related to a candidate's likelihood of electoral success in the 2009 campaign, though this effect is small in scale. We also reveal that the electorally positive effects of spending are observable across both 'party-centered' and ‘candidate-centered’ ballot structures, and that there is some evidence that incumbent spending is less effective than challenger spending.     

关于职工代表记名投票表决方式的思考

职工代表作为职代会的主体,是否充分履职,是否确切表达民意,对职代会作用的发挥至关重要,而记名投票表决方式是对职工代表履职行为的一种有效监督形式.本文从对一院职工代表表决方式现状分析人手,重点论述职工代表记名投票表决方式的必要性和重要意义,提出与职工代表记名投票表决方式相匹配的对策建议.