State urban enterprise zones: origin,policy context,and administrative constraints

This article examines the origins of state enterprise zone policies. Further, the range of state enterprise zones are reviewed, drawing out patterns and generalizations of implementing this type of revitalization policy. As part of this analysis President Reagan urban policy is analyzed as to its effect on state programs. Lastly, the article analyzes three important obstacles - labor, incentives, and politics - that state and local administrators must negotiate to successfully implement the enterprise zone policy.     

论破窗理论对我国社区警务的实践意义

破窗理论源于美国学者比德曼所作的实验，在实验中，将一辆完好的汽车停在一个街区之中，初期汽车完好无损，而将这辆汽车的车窗打破，很短的时间内，车子被破坏受损严重。破窗理论的提出引起了社会的广泛关注，并逐渐被运用到社会治安领域，与西方的社区导向警务产生了密切的联系。西方社区警务概念于20世纪90年代初引进到我国，对于当前的我国警务改革有着重要的借鉴意义，而治安领域的破窗理论在我国的社区警务改革发展中更是有着重要的实践意义。     

The Impact of the Terrorist Attacks of 9/11 on Anti-Islamic Hate Crime

Abstract

Using existing data from the FBI's Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, time series analyses were conducted on hate crime data from 2001 around the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. A statistically significant increase in anti-Islamic hate crime occurred after 9/11, and anti-Islamic hate crime leveled off within 8 weeks of the occurrence. News stories reporting anti-Islamic hate crimes, stories reporting fear of such bias crime, and public calls for calm, tolerance, and/or reaction to anti-Islamic bias crime followed a similar pattern found within the official data. A city-by-city analysis found that UCR reported anti-Islamic hate crime was essentially non-existent in New York City and Washington, DC. It is suggested that public calls for calm and tolerance and in-group/out-group dynamics may have impacted anti-Islamic hate crime frequency, thus accounting for rises and reductions in this form of bias crime over time.     

浅析辅导员的工作理念

学生工作是以学生为中心,为学生成人、成才给予帮助和关爱的重要教育工作,是高等教育、素质教育中不可或缺的有机组成部分。辅导员开展学生工作时应该注重塑造自身崇高的师表风范,用真诚的心去关爱学生,宽容、公平地对待每一位学生。要以强烈的责任感对待工作,把握好自己的角色定位。     

宽严相济刑事政策探析

宽严相济刑事政策是由严厉刑事政策与宽松刑事政策构成,对刑事立法及司法具有长期、普遍指导意义的基本刑事政策。中央提出实施宽严相济的刑事政策,表明更注重宽与严的有机结合,有利于纠正以往刑事政策中单纯追求"严"的倾向。贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策,需要根据我国国情,在立法、司法等方面分别体现出"宽"与"严"的要求。     

The Limits of Tolerance: Nation–State Building and What It Means for Minority Groups

Abstract

When we think of the most egregious forms of intolerance directed against minority communities we tend to associate them with particularly despicable regimes, such as Nazi Germany or Soviet Russia, where racism, ideology or some special route to development is often held to blame, or where ultra-nationalism swamps positive tendencies towards democracy and a civil society. In this essay Levene proposes a partial corrective to this view with reference to the supposedly ‘good’ nation–state derived from the western liberal model. He considers the behaviour of two such states at their inception, Poland and Israel, with regard to two minorities, Jews and Arabs, with the Jews providing linkage between the two state trajectories. Levene charts their respective rejections of bi-national or multinational development, and suggests that the fact that both states today maintain a modicum of tolerance towards their residual Jewish and Arab minorities is more the result of (paradoxical) good luck than of conscious, benevolent design. In conclusion Levene proposes that the very nature of the modern nation–state militates against genuine pluralistic tolerance, a goal that requires a massive structural re-ordering of contemporary society away from global economies to a sustainability of human scale.     

加强民警实战能力培训是减少伤亡的有效途径

近年来,公安机关在对敌斗争、打击犯罪、维护治安、处置突发事件和抢险救灾等工作中,民警因公伤亡的人数呈逐年增多的趋势,可谓:“天天有牺牲,时时有流血”。如何最大限度地减少不必要的伤亡,是摆在我们面前的一个突出问题。笔者就此拟对民警因公伤亡的特点、原因及如何从警务实战训练方面提高民警的执法战术素养和实战能力提出探讨。     

Popular Culture, Power Relations and Urban Discipline: The Festival of the Holy Spirit in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro

The Festival of the Holy Spirit was considered the most important religious celebration in nineteenth‐century Rio de Janeiro. I discuss the popular practices of music, dance and theatre during the festival. By merging European waltz and the African batuque, the heterogeneous public re‐created and re‐invented a number of new genres that are at the roots of twentieth‐century Brazilian popular music. The festival of the Holy Spirit allows an examination of elite strategies and municipal policies regarding popular culture. In this respect, it is remarkable how much political use the Brazilian Empire made of the festival of the Holy Spirit and how its revellers fought for their celebration.     

Are self-identified Christian fundamentalists really more supportive of capital punishment? Exploring the relationship between fundamentalism and death penalty attitudes

Christian fundamentalism has often been linked to death penalty support, despite mixed results across more than a decade of empirical studies. More recently, a line of research has emerged that has called for a reconceptualization of fundamentalism as harsh and rigid, instead of being more a multifaceted concept. In the spirit of this call, we investigated the relative importance of Christian fundamentalism on death penalty attitudes when compared with non-religious social attitudes. Using 1,560 respondents from the 2008 General Social Survey data, we found self-identified Christian fundamentalism, though not biblical literalism or religious denomination, remained a significant predictor of death penalty attitudes when attitudes toward LGBT marriage equality were included in the model. Unexpectedly, white women who endorsed LGBT marriage equality were also more likely to support the death penalty. Based on our findings, we discuss implications and areas for future research.     

鼠伤寒沙门菌yibT基因缺失株的构建及其生物学特性分析

为了探讨yibT基因对鼠伤寒沙门菌生物学特性的影响,采用λ-red同源重组技术构建鼠伤寒沙门菌CVCC541的yibT基因缺失株CVCC541ΔyibT,同时利用表达质粒pET28a构建yibT缺失株的基因回补株CVCC541ΔyibT/pyibT,研究野生株、缺失株、回补株之间的生长特性、生化特性、遗传稳定性、生物膜形成和应激环境抵抗力等生物学特性。结果表明,本研究成功构建了yibT基因缺失株CVCC541ΔyibT及其回补株CVCC541ΔyibT/pyibT,yibT基因的缺失不影响细菌的生化特性,该缺失株具有良好的遗传稳定性,但其生长特性较野生株及其回补株显著减缓,生物膜形成能力相较于野生株及其回补株有所减弱,缺失株在热应激环境以及正丁醇压力下表现出更强的耐受力。综上所述,yibT基因的缺失会影响鼠伤寒沙门菌的生长特性、生物膜形成、应激环境抵抗力和细菌形态等生物学特性,并且yibT基因可能影响鼠伤寒沙门菌菌膜的流动性。