我国司法鉴定公益性偏位的风险管控

司法鉴定是对不确定对象的认知和探究,受主客观因素的影响,鉴定结论错误的风险不可避免。比较导致鉴定结论错误的主客观原因,很难通过鉴定结论错误的事实表现透析鉴定人的主观心理状态,因而通常在司法实践中难以准确衡量鉴定人所需承担的法律责任,加之目前我国司法鉴定的监管层面存在的疏漏,司法实践中凸显出的鉴定腐败问题、鉴定的久鉴不结等病症正在吞噬着鉴定的公益细胞,使这一重要诉讼制度存在偏位之虞。因此有必要对其进行风险管控,使司法鉴定保持公益化运作的本位。     

Field validity of the HCR-20 in forensic medium security units in Flanders

Structured risk assessment has become a part of routine practice in forensic settings. However, little attention has been paid to the clinical applicability of existing tools. The present research focused on the performance of the Historical Clinical Risk Management-20 (HCR-20) – one of the most commonly used tools for structured professional judgment – in the daily practice of three medium security units in Flanders. Areas under the curve for the prediction of violent recidivism during (N?=?168) and after (N?=?105) medium security treatment were non-significant. In addition, analyses showed that the HCR-20 was mainly of interest in identifying low-risk individuals. Further research measuring different aspects of predictive validity in applied settings is recommended.     

18世纪末至20世纪初吧城华人社会房屋租赁问题研究——以《公案簿》第1-14辑资料为中心

18世纪末到20世纪初,不断到吧城的华人新客给当地房屋租赁市场带来潜在商机,一些具有投资意识的商人、宗族负责人和少数土著等群体开始涉足房屋租赁行业,出租房屋赚取租金。吧城华人大多限于资金而选择租房自住或做商铺,租房程序较为简单,大致包括租赁双方协商议定房租、签订合约,有时也会由中间商居间沟通达成租房协议。为了保证租房收益,房屋所有者会采取交纳押金、约定租期和交租方式、指定收租代理人以及申请吧国公堂调解等方式来控制经营风险。     

The welfare courts: A socio-legal analysis of risk management through modern strict liability

The aim of the essay is to offer an adequate theoretical framework for a socio-legal analysis of risk management by the legal system. Law and risk are the two most important concepts to be clarified. Unlike the law, whose function consists in the temporal stabilisation of normative expectations, the perspective of risk is characterised by the possibility of changing the criteria for decisions based upon the evaluation of the consequences of those decisions. In the context of a modern society, characterised by an increasing demand for protection for people injured by new technologies, one observes certain difficulties in the attempt to adopt a risk perspective within the legal system. The result of this process is the new law of tort based upon the modern principles of strict liability. While strict liability can be shown to be effective in managing conflicts relating to technological accidents, its most negative effects are the increasing instability of legal structures and interference with the activities of other subsystems of society, such as medicine and the economy.     

国际货物销售风险转移问题探讨

国际货物销售法中的“风险”是指由于自然灾害、意外事故或销售合同当事人以外的原因造成的卖方交付的货物遭受损坏、灭失的风险。关于风险转移的法律制度表明了特定交易条件下风险自卖方转移至买方的准确的时间和地点 ,使我们能通过确定货物损失原因、性质 ,决定由哪一方承担风险损失责任。《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》关于风险转移的基本原则是当事人可以通过引用诸如Incoterms中的贸易术语在销售合同中规定风险转移界限 ,公约还提出 5种补充性的风险转移模式。公约还规定了卖方违约时仍应承担风险事故造成的货物损失责任     

论审计动因

审计动因的研究主要是探讨社会经济发展为什么需要审计。关于审计的动因,在不同的历史发展时期,由于人们对审计的认识以及审计规律的凸现程度不同,形成了不同的观点。目前,理论界对审计动因的认识也逐渐趋向于受托责任。但受托责任观仍有不完善之处。审计产生的动因是降低信息风险。     

Circumventing Sovereignty: Extraterritorial Sanctions Leveraging the Technologies of the Financial System

US extraterritorial sanctions are implemented with comprehensive global reach, despite allies and adversaries opposing and rejecting them as violations of international law. I argue that this staggering reach rests on more than just the central position of the US in the global financial system, as existing accounts indicate; it builds fundamentally on the financial system’s operational autonomy. Enabled by technologies such as the ‘risk‐based approach’ and automated screening procedures, this globalized network of private actors observes its regulatory environment through its own logic. It translates sanctions into risks susceptible to mitigation beyond the political system’s territorial borders, as the cases of Switzerland and the European Union show. These jurisdictions took futile measures to defend against foreign encroachment of their authority. Unless the financial system’s increased autonomy from the state system is recognized conceptually, analyses of international sanctions will remain deficient and attempts to counter their extraterritorial reach ineffective.     

我国农村民间金融风险防范问题的分析——以法经济学为视角

我国农村民间金融对我国的经济做出了不可磨灭的贡献的同时,由于其运行机制的非法化以及自身的缺陷,导致我国农村民间金融存在很大的风险,文章基于法经济学的视角,运用法经济学的分析方法,对我国农村民间金融风险现状和构建我国农村民间金融风险防范法律方面进行分析,以预防我国农村民间金融活动中出现的法律风险。     

西方国家公共安全管理的特征及启示——“知识问题”的分析视角

关注“知识问题”是西方国家公共安全管理的重要特征。当前西方国家公共安全管理中存在着公共安全知识的分立化、分散化、局部性、隐蔽性和知识性无知等“知识问题”？解决这些“知识问题”,对我国的公共安全管理具有现实的启迪意义。