论民间表演艺术表演者集体权主体

民间表演艺术表演者集体权是表演者权但有其特殊性。民间表演艺术表演者集体权主体显示出群体性、空间性、一定的传承性。理论界对民间表演艺术表演者集体权主体类型的界定存在诸多争议,其中"群体说"体现了民间表演艺术的民间根基、权利主体法定性、创作主体群体性。考量国际立法原则、行为要素、物理要素,民间表演艺术表演者集体权主体包括国家、民族、种群、种族、传承人、表演者特定群体。外国立法及国际公约有相应规定,我国无明文立法。     

重庆市政务微博研究报告(2011)

重庆市政务微博现阶段的发展水平在全国处于中游水平,但是在建设、管理、使用等环节存在诸多问题,也隐藏着一定的风险危机。因此,对重庆市政务微博,必须在规范设立、绩效评定、监督机制、日常维护、沟通技巧等方面加强指导,以真正发挥政务微博"网络问政"的实效。     

中国法官任用机制:基于理念的初步评析

近30年来中国法官任用机制日益呈现出从干部理念向司法理念演变的趋势,当然迄今为止司法理念也未完全取代干部理念。当下,两种理念在演进、发展中微妙互动着,呈现出既各行其道又竞争互动的格局,使中国形成了一种任用标准国际化与任用程序本土化的独特的、二律背反的法官任用模式。对此,也许一种现代式的专业化与政治化兼顾且协调化的中国式理念与机制值得追寻,当然,其具体内容当有待通过实践来探索。     

走到十字路口的日本法科大学院制度

本文介绍了日本借鉴美国法学教育模式建立的日本法科大学院制度和新司法考试制度的背景、理念,重点阐释了日本法科大学院在实施中出现的问题和挑战,对新的法律职业教育模式与旧有制度之间的冲突和矛盾进行了深入分析,并将日本制度和韩国的制度改革作了比较法上的研究,提出了一些值得深入思考的看法。     

韩国的法学教育及律师资格考试改革

韩国最近开设的法科大学院和即将实施的新的律师选拔、培养制度是韩国法律界的一大革新。在大陆法系色彩强烈的韩国法律体系里,能否成功地建立起美国式的法学院制度和律师选拔制度备受关注。尤其是韩国的法学教育以及司法改革制度,是在没有充分的协商和准备的基础上出台的,从一开始就存在很多争议,因此需要设计相应的补充方案。     

论国家监察权的性质

监察机关对全体公职人员行使监察权,这是我国监督体系的有机组成部分,是通过预防和惩治腐败来对公职人员实施的专门性监督。在国家宪法层面上,各级监察委员会属于对公职人员行使监督、调查和处置职能的国家监察机关。监察机关不仅要对职务犯罪案件进行调查,而且其调查所取得的证据材料还可以直接在刑事诉讼中被作为证据使用,监察机关的调查权具有侦查权的性质和效果。监察机关的留置措施在取代"两规"方面取得了一些法治进步,但仍然属于在正式的刑事强制措施体系之外,兼具刑事强制措施和隔离审查措施的特殊调查手段。监察法在加强被调查人的权利保障方面取得了一些进步,但仍然存在诸多方面的缺憾。未来,对惩治腐败与保障人权加以兼顾,对于监察机关的权力进行有效的约束,仍然是一项重大的法治课题。     

The Zweig Center for Special Education

Summary

The Zweig Center for Special Education, based on the heritage and history of kibbutz special education, is a model for the school-university partnership and of the professional development school. This model integrates kibbutz education with special education in a unique way.

Kibbutz education is traditionally non-selective, emphasizing an educating society/environment; the integration of educational factors; the integration of society, studies, and work; active learning; informal methods; autonomy in the children's society; and autonomy of educational staff. These make possible schools as laboratories of community partnerships, training opportunities, and action research that show the varieties of school-university partnership and professional development schools.     

School and Neighborhood Contexts,Perceptions of Racial Discrimination,and Psychological Well-being Among African American Adolescents

The present study examined contextual influences on the relationship between racial discrimination (individual, cultural, and collective/institutional) and psychological well-being. Two hundred and fifty two African American adolescents (46% male and 54% female, average age = 16) completed measures of racial discrimination, self-esteem, depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Archival information regarding the racial/ethnic composition of the participants’ neighborhoods and schools was used and increased school diversity was linked to increased perceptions of cultural discrimination. Regardless of school and neighborhood diversity, high perceptions of collective/institutional discrimination were linked to lower self-esteem for students in high diversity settings. Further, high levels of collective/institutional discrimination were associated with lower life satisfaction for African American youth in low diversity settings.

School Engagement Among Urban Adolescents of Color: Does Perception of Social Support and Neighborhood Safety Really Matter?

In this study we examined the effects of risk factors (perceived neighborhood crime/delinquency problems, neighborhood incivilities) and protective factors (teacher support, family support, peer support) on the school engagement of 123 urban adolescents of color. Age and gender were also examined to determine if different ages (younger or older) or genders (male or female) significantly modified the relationship between the risk factors and school engagement. Results indicated that perceived neighborhood incivilities was uniquely predictive of school engagement. Contrary to hypotheses, different levels of the perceived social support variables did not modify the effects of risky neighborhood conditions on adolescent’s perceived school engagement. Age, but not gender, significantly modified the relationship between perceived family social support and perceived neighborhood crime on adolescents’ reported levels of school engagement. The implications of the results for prevention and intervention programs that address school engagement among early adolescents of color are considered.

台湾农会的成功经验与启示

台湾农业成为＂小农＂现代化的成功典范,农会组织的作用至关重要。台湾农会是＂农有、农治、农享＂的公益社团法人,其宗旨是＂保障农民权益、提高农民知识技能、促进农业现代化、增加生产收益、改善农民生活、发展农村经济＂。农会全方位为农服务,设有供销部、信用部、保险部、推广部等,建立了产前、产中和产后社会化服务体系,实现了小农的规模经济,将＂小农＂聚拢成＂大农＂,促进了农业的市场化、社会化和现代化。农会是半官方半民间组织,是政府农业政策的执行者、政府与农民的桥梁。农会既得到台湾岛内广泛认同,也获得很高的国际赞誉。台湾农会的成功做法,特别是农技推广、市场营销、金融保险、社会服务等功能,正是大陆当前新农村建设所亟需。基于相同的民族文化传统和小农环境,大陆立足实情、借鉴经验,开展综合农协试点,颇具现实意义。